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2023年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、LanguageWhen one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of language is a history of constant change-at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Language a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class orgroupbut of many. At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals orthe kitchen pots and pans. At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon(old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word orcerand function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. and when some word inflections come into conflict with word order,. there may be trouble forthe users of the language, as we shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO orWHOM and ME orl. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. The eighteenth century, forexample, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always setin and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to _____.【单选题】
A.attempt to continue the standardization of the language
B.evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards orproper patterns
C.be more concerned about language than its analysis orhistory
D.be more aware of the rules of the language usage
正确答案:B
答案解析:这篇文章讲的主要是英语语言演变的一些特点,指出了古英语与现代英语的不同,以及语言学家态度的转变。本题问的正是现代语言学家与早期语言学家不同的倾向,以说和写的方式评价语言实践,而不是像早期的语言学家根据一定的模式评价语言。选项B符合文章的意思。
2、A New Doctors\' DilemmaWhen Christian Barnard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donorgave his orher heart, he orshe would obviously and necessarily die (orbe dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of survival of the donorwere somewhat diminished because he now had only one kidney and if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve. Nevertheless, the donorwould certainly not necessarily die.Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be the same person?", or"If doctors needed a dying person\'s heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely?", and so on.Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher orproportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand fortransplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.However, as a result of the heavy demand fororgans, a new moral dilemma has emerged. Forexample, in the United States there are many people who would survive iflungs were available fortransplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donoris found. In these circumstances who would decide if a donorwere found whose lungs were equally suitable fortwo potential recipients?This problem is made worse by the fact that many patients, ortheir families, become desperate to find a donor. Some succeed in publicizing their situation in newspapers, to politicians oron television. Sometimes, as a result, suitable donors are found. But what would happen if another patient needed the organ more than the one who got the publicity? Who would decide if the other patient should get the organ? Would it be the doctors? orthe donor? orthe family who got the publicity? If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve and it would be a matter of life ordeath to the patients involved.What organs have been transplanted since 1967?【单选题】
A.Kidneys only.
B.Kidneys and hearts.
C.Not only kidneys and hearts but lungs and livers.
D.More than the organs mentioned above.
正确答案:D
答案解析:由第3段可知不仅仅是心脏、肾脏还有肺、肝都进行过移植,因此选D。
3、Indian\'s NamesEach Indian was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one forhimself. But his playmates would always give him a name of their own. No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen. Often it was not pleasing, such as Bow Legs orBad Boy. But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off. If he could not earn a better one from a war later, he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs forthe rest of his life.The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough forhis first fight against the enemy. His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle. When he returned from the war, the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief. If he had done well, he would get a good name. Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf orMan-Afraid-of-a Horse. So an Indian\'s name told his record ordescribed the kind of man he was.A man was given many chances to improve his name, however, if in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a better name. Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names, all good and each better than the last.An Indian\'s names belonged to him forthe rest of his life. No one else could use them. Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe, not the family. So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so.Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticeable deed. I know of only three orfour times when this happened. It is the rarest honorfora person -the honorof assuming his father\'s name.If an Indian had more than ten names, it meant that_____.【单选题】
A.many people in the tribe liked him.
B.he was a great fighter.
C.he had a lot of friends.
D.he had fought in fewer than ten battles.
正确答案:B
答案解析:由第3段可知印度人有很多机会改进名字,如果下一次战争中表现出色就会得到更好的名字。一些出色的斗士可能有12个名字,而且每一个都比上一个好。有10多个名字的人一定是了不起的斗士,所以选B。
4、The police took fingerprints and identified the body.【单选题】
A.recognized
B.missed
C.discovered
D.touched
正确答案:A
答案解析:警察采集指纹,辨认出了尸体。本题有一定难度,C项的干扰较大。identified指“辨认”,和recognized“认出”意思相近,C项discover指“发现”,最佳答案是A。
5、How to Be a Successful BusinesspersonHave you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here\'s a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants.Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working fora company that rented cars.While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (租赁的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. Fortwo months, he worked as a cook\'s assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn\'t like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."One day, Mr. Kazi\'s two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant.A few months later, the owners needed a manager fora new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. Forthe first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a. m. to 10 p.m. , seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes fortheir food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant fora profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn\'t planning to stop there. He\'s looking formore poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it\'s a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up. "In the last paragraph, "it\'s a mess" means________.【单选题】
A.it\'s small
B.it\'s dirty
C.it\'s profitable
D.it\'s cheap
正确答案:B
答案解析:猜词题。mess的含义是“混乱、脏乱”,故正确答案为B。
6、How to Interview PeopleInterviewing (采访) is one of those skills that you can only get better at. You will never again feel so ill at ease when you try it forthe first time, and probably you\'ll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he orshe may be too shy to reveal. But at least half of the skill is mechanical. The rest is instinct, which can all be learned with experience.The basic tools foran interview are paper and two orthree well-sharpened pencils. But keep your notebook orpaper out of sight until you need it. There\'s nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad. Both of you need time to get to know each other. Take a while just to chat, judging what sort of person you\'re dealing with, getting him orher to trust you.Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can. If you are interviewing a town official, know his voting record. If it\'s an actor, know what plays he has been in. You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance. Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. ______ Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting, and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen.This doesn\'t necessarily mean that it will go well. In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before, and they will get used to the process awkwardly, perhaps not giving you anything that you can use. Come back another day; it will go better. You will both even begin to enjoy it-proof that you aren\'t forcing your victim to do something he doesn\'t really want to.【单选题】
A.Come back another day; it will go better.
B.But at least half of the skill is mechanical.
C.As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes, they lack irony.
D.You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.
E.This fear is almost 103 percent unnecessary.
F.Both of you need time to get to know each other.
正确答案:E
答案解析:选项中this fear对应前一句中的afraid一词。
7、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃ which occurred in Antarctica in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight orshade, Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science forwell-designed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar system . Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fortheir work not a discovery in this car.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble convincing Other scientists to believe so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize _____ behave as Bose thought but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time(d=vxt). With the long distances involved in space travel to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】
A.will
B.would
C.must
D.can
正确答案:B
答案解析:本句的主句中的谓语动词用的是过去时helped,根据“主句为过去时态,宾语从句一般也要用过去时态”这一时态一致原则,本题要选would。
8、The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson forthe National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than now.But what are the reasons forthis, and is the picture really so gloomy (明暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based foryears partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands-as they usually didn\'t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, So they don\'t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲观的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together and don\'t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage ordivorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn\'t. and it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!How do most men feel in their marriage life? ____【单选题】
A.They feel much stronger than before.
B.They don\'t feel as lonely as before.
C.They suffer more than before.
D.They feel more satisfied than being single.
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题难度也不大,文章后半部分提到and it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people. 所以不难确定答案D。
9、One-Room SchoolsOne-room schools are part of the heritage of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a longing for"the way things were." One - room schools are an endangered species (种类), however. Formore than a hundred years, one - room schools have been systematically shut down and their students were sent away to centralized schools. As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one - room schools in the United States. By 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one - room schools, more than 350 are in Nebraska. The rest are spread through a few other states that have on their road maps wide - open spaces between towns.Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something yet to be learned from one - room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with new names like "peer -groupteaching" and "multi - age grouping" foreducational procedures that occur naturally in the one - room schools. In a one - room school the children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the time teaching someone else. The fourth grader can work at the fifth grade level in math and the third grade level in English without the bad name associated with being left back orthe pressures of being skipped (超过) ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his orher own level without being separated from other pupils. A few hours in a small school that has only one classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one - room school.We learn from the first paragraph that one - room schools ____. 【单选题】
A.are the best in Nebraska
B.are becoming more and more centralized
C.have had a strong influence on American people
D.need to be shut down
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题有一定难度.考生需要有很强的概括能力和近义转化能力。做本题时,不要先看选项。第一段开头谈到,大教室学校已经成为美国遗产的一部分,一提到它就会使人们渴望回到过去,换句话说,这种学校对美国人影响至深,回来看选项,C项是近义解释,答案是C。
10、I suppose he will give it to you eventually.【单选题】
A.in a way
B.in due course
C.in the end
D.in any case
正确答案:C
答案解析:in a way:在某种程度上,从某一点上看;in due cause:在适当时机、最终;in the end:最后、终于,此选项符合本句意思。in any case:不管怎样、无论如何。
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