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2023年职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练0128
帮考网校2023-01-28 15:30
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2023年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编每天为您准备了5道每日一练题目(附答案解析),一步一步陪你备考,每一次练习的成功,都会淋漓尽致的反映在分数上。一起加油前行。


1、SemcoAt 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father-s business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts forships. Semler Juniorworked like a madman, from 7:30 am. , until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctorwho treated him said, "There\'s nothing wrong with you. But if you continue like this, you\'ll find a new home in our hospital." Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the way his employees worked too.He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong. He allowed them to settheir own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. ____ "Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone."He completely reorganized the office, instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses can\'t shut themselves away from everyone else. and the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want. As foruniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T - shirts.Semler says, "We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn\'t even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump an the other side of the world fails and millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea, Rubin springs into action.He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them. That\'s when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesn\'t look busy the rest of the time."Semco has flexible working hours, the employees decide when they need to arrive at work, The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. Also, Semco lets its workers use the company\'s machines fortheir own projects, and makes them take holidays forat least thirty days a year.It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers. In the last six years, Semco\'s revenues have gone from $ 35 million to $ 212 million. The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3,000, Why?Semler says it\'s because of "peer pressure". Peer pressure makes everyone work hard foreveryone else. doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue. In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults, and they do. 【单选题】

A.Also, Semco lets its workers use the company\'s machines fortheir own projects, and makes them take holidays forat least thirty days a year.

B.Most managers spend their time making it difficult forworkers to work.

C.This saved money and brought more equality to the company.

D.and the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want.

E.He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them.

F.If someone isn\'t doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度很大,需要认真阅读文章,可用排除法和代入法。本题的前一句谈到新老板把所有他认为不必要的工作岗位,如前台接待和秘书都砍掉了,后一句谈到每一个人都兼任接待和秘书工作,可以推断本题继续围绕着裁员谈论,比如裁员后的结果,效果。回来看选项,把C代入到文中,符合上下文逻辑,是答案。

2、MemoriesMost episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something orwondering why you just entered a room are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You are supposed to remember something, but you haven\'t encoded it deeply."Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a majorimpact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, forexample, and don\'t pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you will probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn\'t failing you," says Schacter. " Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed. "Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drepa letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Sclnacter." ____,"he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table don\'t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you are there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely remember.【单选题】

A.Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a majorimpact on recalling it later

B.Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed

C.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you will likely remember

D.They are more interested in what\'s happening around them

E.But be sure the cue is clear and available.

F.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness

正确答案:E

答案解析:本段说的是视觉线索的问题,因此所选句也应该围绕cue这个话题。很明显,只有E答案能够与上下文连贯。

3、He\'s spent years cultivating a knowledge of art.【单选题】

A.sharing

B.using

C.denying

D.developing

正确答案:D

答案解析:他花了多年时间学习艺术知识。本题有一定难度,重点考查的是选项的引申意义。cultivating的引申意思指“培养,陶冶”,和developing的引申意思“发展,开发”是近义词,C项指“否认”。其他三项和答案意义差异较大,干扰性不强。

4、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path forthe treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say. "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professorof stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with orif they could be renewed," he said. The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75, "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after forexample, a heart attack, "Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-authorDr. Ratan Bhardwaj. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said. With this finding, scientists are "opening the doorto potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. " But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.In people in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes ____.【单选题】

A.are still functional

B.are reduced each year

C.are replaced each year

D.are damaged each year

正确答案:C

答案解析:第四段说,一个人20岁时,其每年被更替的心肌细胞为1%,随着年龄的增长,该更替率( turnover rate)不断下降,等到75岁时,只有0. 45%。

5、15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorcerprevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disorcerleaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorcerhave symptoms for10 years ormore before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports."Social anxiety disorceris when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social orperformance situations," Jerilyn Ross, the association\'s president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday."The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people forfear of being judged orcriticized orhumiliated orembarrassing themselves," Ross said.Social anxiety disorcercan interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult forpeople to develop friends and romantic partnerships," she said.People with this disorcerrecognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. "But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.Social anxiety disorcercan start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, directorof the Center forAnxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professorof psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference."This is a disorcerthat starts affecting people early on," Pollack said. "The typical age of onsetis early adolescence, age 12 or13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood."The disorceralso has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn\'t want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.What do people with social anxiety disorcerthink of their fear?【单选题】

A.They think it\'s beyond their control.

B.They think it\'s beneficial.

C.They think it\'s controllable.

D.They think it\'s justified.

正确答案:A

答案解析:短文的第六段说,患有social anxiety disorder的人意识到他们的恐惧是过分的和非理性的,然而却对此无能为力。

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