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2023年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、A Carrot a Day Keeps Cancer AwayAmong all the malignancies, lung cancer is the biggest killer: more than 100,000 Americans a year die of the disease. Giving up smoking is one of obvious way to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the kitchen. According to a new report, even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by a simple dietary measure: a daily portion of carrots, spinach orany other vegetable orfruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene.The finding, published in the British medical journal The Lancet, is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease. Since 1957 a team of American researchers has monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2,000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Richard Shelelle of Chicago\'s Rush-Presbyterian, St. Luke\'s Medical Center, the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects\' dietary patterns and cancer. Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer. The correlation seemed logical, since vitamin A is essential forthe growth of the epithelial (上皮的) tissue that lines the airways of the lungs.Vegetables: But the earlier research did not distinguish between two different forms of the vitamin. "Preformed" vitamin A, known as retinol, is found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk, cheese, butter and eggs. But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene, which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and apples.In the Western Electric study, Shekelle and his colleagues found little correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing preformed vitamin A, but when they examined the data on carotene intake, they discovered a significant relationship. Among the488 men who had the lowest level of carotene consumption, there were fourteen cases of lung cancer, in agroupof the same size that ate the most carotene, only two cases developed. The apparent protective effect of carotene held up even forlongtime smokers but to a lesser degree.Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. In the meantime, researchers warn against taking large numbers of vitamin A pills, because the tablets contain a form of the chemical that can be extremely toxic in high doses. Instead, they advise a well-balance diet that includes foods rich in carotene. Fora smoker, a half-cup of carrots every day might possibly make the difference between life and death.Among the groups studied, who had the most cases of lung cancer?【单选题】
A.Those with the lowest level of carotene intake.
B.Those with the highest level o carotene intake.
C.Those who ate only foods containing carotene.
D.Those with the lowest intake of carrots.
正确答案:A
答案解析:根据第4段,“在摄入胡萝}、素最少的488人中,有14例肺癌患者。而人数同样多的另一组摄入胡萝卜素最多的人群中只有2例”,因此答案是A。
2、Women Staying in Mini-Skirts forLongerBritish women are happy nowadays to wear mini-skirts up until the age of40, according to research by Debenhams.Just 20 years ago, few women would dare to wear a mini-skirt. after the age of 33, the store said. "It shows that women now have an increasing confidence in their bodies and are happy to dress accordingly," it added in a statement. "If this trend continues, there\'s no doubt that, within the next decade, women in their mid 40s and early 50s will rightly regard a mini-skirt as an essential part of their everyday wardrobe. "The figures emerged when the store examined the latest age profile of women buying short,36-cm skirts over the past six months. Their results show that it has jumped from an average age of36-years-old at the start of millennium to 40 today. Figures from 1980 showed that on average women stopped buying minis when they reached 33 years old, a figure unchanged from the mid-1960s.The store noted that experts believe that the popularity of intensive gym culture, providing women with well toned bodies forlonger may be the reason, The increasing number of British women living on their own may also be a factor.The Debenhams\' study showed that a modern woman\'s love affair with a mini-skirt begins at the age of 14 but that she doesn\'t buy her first one until the age of 16. Instead, she flouts school rules by rolling up the waistband of the school uniform to give the impression of wearing a mini skirt.Skirts get shorter between the ages of 16 and 19, reducing in size from 46 to 36 cm before reaching their shortest, a mere 32 cm, at the age of 23. Skirt length increases slightly between the ages of 23 and 27, rising to 37 cm, possibly due to girls being in their first stable relationship, with no desire to attract attention, the store said.However, it found short skirts suddenly zoom in popularity between the ages of27 and 34, as those early relationships break down, and new relationships are formed. The move into longer skirts begins irreversibly at 40 years old, when 46-cm skirts, still slightly above the knee are the norm. From then on, skirt length increases dramatically, falling below the knee forthe very first time since school days at the age of42.Which of the following statements about the length of the mini-skirts is true_____?【单选题】
A.At the age of 14, girls often wear mini-skirts which are about 46cm in size.
B.Girls at the age of 19 wear the shortest mini-skirts.
C.At the age of 23, most girls wear mini-skirts which are 37cm long.
D.From the age of 23, skirt length increases because girls are in their first stable relationship.
正确答案:D
答案解析:从倒数第2段可知,从23岁开始,女性所穿着的超短裙长度从32cm渐增至37cm,主要是因为这个阶段她们普遍有了稳定的恋爱关系。
3、Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.【单选题】
A.admitted
B.reported
C.hoped
D.answered
正确答案:A
答案解析:玛莎承认她对计算机一无所知。本题难度不大,干扰项干扰不大,是送分题,可以确认,confessed和admitted都是“承认”的意思,所以最佳答案是A。
4、Indian\'s NamesEach Indian was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one forhimself. But his playmates would always give him a name of their own. No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen. Often it was not pleasing, such as Bow Legs orBad Boy. But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off. If he could not earn a better one from a war later, he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs forthe rest of his life.The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough forhis first fight against the enemy. His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle. When he returned from the war, the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief. If he had done well, he would get a good name. Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf orMan-Afraid-of-a Horse. So an Indian\'s name told his record ordescribed the kind of man he was.A man was given many chances to improve his name, however, if in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a better name. Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names, all good and each better than the last.An Indian\'s names belonged to him forthe rest of his life. No one else could use them. Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe, not the family. So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so.Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticeable deed. I know of only three orfour times when this happened. It is the rarest honorfora person -the honorof assuming his father\'s name.An Indian could be given the second name by____.【单选题】
A.his father
B.the enemy
C.the chief of the tribe
D.his childhood friends
正确答案:D
答案解析:birth name是出生时就取的,而且应该保留直到大了以后可以自己赢得一个名字。但是儿时的玩伴会给他一个a name of their own,因此选D。
5、Sharing SilenceDeaf teenagers Orlando Chavez and German Resendiz have become friends since kindergarten (幼儿园). Together the two boys, who go to Escondido High School in California, have had the difficult job of learning in schools where the majority of the students can speak and hear.Orlando lost his hearing at the age of one. German was borned deaf, and his parents moved from Mexico to find a school where he could learn sign language. He met Orlando on their first day of kindergarten."We were in a special class with about 25 other deaf kids," German remembers. "Before then, I didn\'t know I was deaf and I was different.""Being young and deaf in regular classes was very hard," signs Orlando. "The other kids didn\'t understand us and we didn\'t understand them. But we\'ve all grown up together, and today, I\'m popular because I\'m deaf. Kids try hard to communicate with me."Some things are very difficult forthe two boys. "We can\'t talk on the phone. so if we need help, we can\'t call an emergency service," German signs. "and we can\'t orcerfood in a drive - thru."Despite their difficulties, the two boys have found work putting food in bags at a local supermarket. They got their jobs through a "workability" program designed forteenagers from local schools with different types of learning disabilities.German has worked in the supermarket since August, and Orlando started in November."The other people who work here have been very nice to us," Orlando signs. "They even sign sometimes. At first, we were nervous, but we\'ve learned a lot and we\'re getting better.The opportunity to earn money has been exciting, both boys said. After high school, they hope to attend the National Technical Institute forthe deaf in New York.Orlando and German have been ____.【单选题】
A.to Mexico together
B.deaf since they were born
C.to different high schools
D.friends since they were very young
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题难度不大,本题针对文章开头第一句出题,找到答案依据很容易。根据题干提示词汇迅速到文章定位。找到文章开头第一句,这一句谈到,Orlando和German从上幼儿园时就是好朋友,回来看选项,很明显,D项是近义解释,是答案。
6、Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge orexperience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts forthis difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behaviorof the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June orscorching heat in January. and what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally, though a child\'s "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.So far as language is concerned, the teacher’s close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
正确答案:C
答案解析:题干大意:就语言教学而言,教师与学生的亲密关系比学生接受的专门培训更重要。文章最后一段提到了“教师”,但只是提到:“教师”与学生的关系是亲密的,而题干的说法与原文并不矛盾,所以该问题句的信息在文章中“没提到”。
7、RobotsThe most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America orEurope.Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices forsimply handling objects, today their commonest uses are formore skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF ormean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day fortwo years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small .sample.The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.Paragraph 5 ________.【单选题】
A.Ongoing Research
B.Extension of Use
C.Robot Heroes
D.Greater Reliability
E.Falling Demand
F.Hidden Danger
正确答案:C
答案解析:第五段共两句话,其中主题句是第一句:It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots.(据估计,日本20%的漫画书的主人公是机器人。)选项C与其表达一致,故C为正确答案。
8、A Strong Greenhouse Gas1 Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmospheres, it absorbs beat radiating from Earth\'s surface. That\'s why methane is a majorcontributorto the planet\'s increasing temperature rise orglobal warming. Molecule formolecule, methane\'s heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide, the most abundant greenhouse gas.2 With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world (100 million in the U. S. alone), it\'s no surprise that menace released by livestock is one of the chief sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources: petroleum, drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wetlands.3 Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth\'s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen. and without greenhouse gases to trap the sun\'s heat and warm the planet, life as we know it couldn\'t exist. But in the last200 years, human activity that requires burning oil, natural gas, and coal forenergy has magnified the greenhouse effect.4 Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame forthis often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a majorrole, too. In the past 40 years alone, the global cattle population has doubled.5 Cows munch mostly grasses and hay yet they grow big and hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The rumen holds 160 liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and protozoa break down cellulose and Fiber into digestible nutrients. A cow couldn\'t live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, trey release methane. The process occurs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, forexample), and it makes them very gassy. It\'s part of their normal digestion process. When they drew their cud, they regurgitate some food to rechew it, and all this gas comes out. The average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day.That\'s why we say livestock gas is also a majorfactorof causing the global warming.Nothing has been mentioned in the passage about ____ .【单选题】
A.one of tire majorcontributors
B.the ever-increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases
C.big and hefty cows
D.livestock\'s normal digestion process
E.how to cut down the cattle population
F.big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles
正确答案:E
答案解析:选项E是本文没有提到的内容,也就是说,其他五个选项的内容文章都有涉及。
9、Shopping at Second - hand Clothing StoresWhen 33 years old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second - hand clothing stores was just something he did-"like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping forclothes at thrift shops."Even new clothes are fairly disposable (用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons forshopping forsecond - hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop fora crazy - looking shirt. and some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世军) thrift shop, said that, forher, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment."When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said: "Also, why pay 30 dollars fora new coat when you can get another one fora lot less?"Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US-"some as big as department stores". All of the clothes are donated (捐赠), and when they have a surplus (盈余), they\'ll have "stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes foronly 5 or10 dollars.Julia Stocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second - hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness."I\'d say that second - hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works fora pro - conservation organization, the center of a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场), They give clothing a second life and provide cheaper clothing forthose who can\'t afford to buy new ones and generate (创造) income forcharities. They also provide a way forthe wealthy and middle classes to shed (摆脱) the guilt fortheir level of consumption."What does Akins do? ____【单选题】
A.She is a soldier.
B.She is an accountant.
C.She is a saleswoman.
D.She is a road sweeper.
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据不难找到。带着题干信息到文章定位,认真阅读文章第四段。第四段第一句话谈到,“Akins是旧货店的一名会计”,所以答案是B。
10、Gun Rights in the USImmediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn (致哀) the dead. The president and the state governer both hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to own weapons.Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country here gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted strict gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby (院外活动集团) and the electoral (选举) system.The powerful National Rifle Association, the majorsupporter of gun rights in the US, is too strong forany party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun control anyway. Over the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign forgun control orwin power, not both, they prefer power.According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm (火器) incidents accounted fornine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many people don\'t want to give up their arms they keep to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said, "If one professorin the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon, they might have been able to stop all this. "In his opinion, the massacre (大屠杀) is an argument formore people to carry weapons, not fewer.Americans\' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of ____, commented UK\'s Guardian newspaper.One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed (隐藏的) firearm, told the Guardian that it was every American\'s responsibility to have a gun."Each person," he said, "should not rely solely on the government forprotection."【单选题】
A.guards
B.government
C.students
D.professors
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要认真阅读文章,理解好句意。文章此处是说“美国人持有枪支的根源在于对政府的不信任”,问题是和政府有关系的,最佳答案是B。本题也可先看选项,得到信息提示。
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