下载亿题库APP
联系电话:400-660-1360
请谨慎保管和记忆你的密码,以免泄露和丢失
请谨慎保管和记忆你的密码,以免泄露和丢失
2023年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、Working Successfully within Cultural BoundariesSoon after starting our job in China, we realized that the greatest challenge we faced would not be our day-to-day responsibilities but a completely foreign work environment and culture.We were used to the very direct, sometimes confrontational, but more equal style of management in the United States. Here, we were faced with the never-direct, never-confrontational style of management common in Asia.We often hear similar stories. One woman shared her experience of returning to China after more than 15 years in the US. Although she spent most of her childhood in China, she felt that her colleagues\' thinking processes were completely foreign to her. She needed to adapt herself to the culture of her company only then would she be successful at her job. In the end, she wasn\'t able to successfully re-adapt herself to the culture. What she didn\'t realize was that, rather than disagreeing with her ideas, they disagreed with her method of implementing them. Forexample, instead of recognizing her company\'s strict chain-of-command, she had in one case taken her plan straight to the company chairman. This action consequently caused her superiors to lose face. She had unwittingly broken a cardinal rule of Chinese culture.One man who spent many years overseas before returning to China to head up the local operations of a multinational company, had a similar experience. In his first management team meeting, he presented his plans fora new direction in China operations. His request was met with an uncomfortable silence, with none of the managers daring to speak up. They had not been prepared forhis open style of management. Soon he quickly determined that his first on-the-job challenge would be to build up managers\' confidence in him, and that he had to do this individually, not in a group. Within a year, their management team meetings were transformed into the interactive, brainstorming sessions that he intended them to be.Therefore, it wasn\'t until after we had learned to appreciate the culture of our workplace and earned the confidence and trust of our inferiors that we were able to move forward and successfully do our job. We must first understand and accept a culture forwhat it is; only then will we be able to successfully work within it.What are the differences in style of management in the USA and China according to the author?【单选题】
A.In the USA, it is indirect style of management. In China, it is direct.
B.In the USA, it is direct style of management. In China, it is never-direct.
C.In the USA, it is always confrontational. In China, it is sometimes confrontational.
D.In the USA, it is equal. In China it is unequal.
正确答案:B
答案解析:根据第2段,文中说“我们习惯了美国的直接、有时针锋相对,但是更为平等的管理模式,但是在这里我们面临的是在亚洲普遍存在的不直接、不正面交锋的管理模式”,因此答案是B
2、Stop Eating Too much"Clean your plate!"and" Be a member of the clean-plate club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent orgrandparent. Often, it\'s accompanied by an appeal: "Just think about those starving orphans (孤儿) in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful forevery bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of saying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food fortomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame forthe growing bellies(肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition (营养) professorat Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline(腰围) began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling forthis too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can\'t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earn at least $ 150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25, 000 want smaller.It\'s not that working class Americans don\'t want to eat healthy. It\'s just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck (薪金支票) to paycheck, happy to save a little money fornext year\'s Christmas presents.(2008年)Parents in the United States tend to ask their children ______.【单选题】
A.to save food fortomorrow
B.to wash the dishes
C.mottos eat too much
D.not to waste food
正确答案:D
答案解析:题干问“美国父母总是让他们的孩子做什么”。参见第一段,其中提到:每个美国孩子都能从父母或爷爷奶奶那里听到这样的话,“把你盘子里的东西吃光”。故正确答案为D。
3、A New Doctors\' DilemmaWhen Christian Barnard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donorgave his orher heart, he orshe would obviously and necessarily die (orbe dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of survival of the donorwere somewhat diminished because he now had only one kidney and if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve. Nevertheless, the donorwould certainly not necessarily die.Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be the same person?", or"If doctors needed a dying person\'s heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely?", and so on.Today, not only hearts and kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs and livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher orproportion of successful operations and this, in turn, has led to greater demand fortransplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.However, as a result of the heavy demand fororgans, a new moral dilemma has emerged. Forexample, in the United States there are many people who would survive iflungs were available fortransplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donoris found. In these circumstances who would decide if a donorwere found whose lungs were equally suitable fortwo potential recipients?This problem is made worse by the fact that many patients, ortheir families, become desperate to find a donor. Some succeed in publicizing their situation in newspapers, to politicians oron television. Sometimes, as a result, suitable donors are found. But what would happen if another patient needed the organ more than the one who got the publicity? Who would decide if the other patient should get the organ? Would it be the doctors? orthe donor? orthe family who got the publicity? If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve and it would be a matter of life ordeath to the patients involved.Which of the following is true?【单选题】
A.Kidney transplant operations were not corumon until 1967.
B.Kidney s fortransplant operations had to come from dead people in 1967.
C.Kidney transplant operations were performed before heart transplant operations.
D.Heart transplant operations were as common as kidney transplant operations.
正确答案:C
答案解析:A选项的时间不对;B选项的内容不对,活体可以做肾脏移植;D选项说心脏移植是个突破,不是common thing,,因此C正确。
4、CultureCulture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behaviorpatterns characteristic of the members of a shaped by a setof dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald\'s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailorbusiness approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance orrejection. The majorchallenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia oreven blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent oroverseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.This article is supposed. to be most useful forthose _____.【单选题】
A.who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B.who have connections to more than one type of culture
C.who want to travel abroad
D.who want to run business on International Scale
正确答案:D
答案解析:由文中的例子可以知道,不是研究多种文化形态,而是文化背景对商业运作的影响,所以D是正确答案。
5、The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson forthe National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than now.But what are the reasons forthis, and is the picture really so gloomy (明暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based foryears partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands-as they usually didn\'t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, So they don\'t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲观的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together and don\'t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage ordivorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn\'t. and it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!Which of the following is true about the marriage in the United States today? ____【单选题】
A.Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.
B.More than half of the married couples get divorced.
C.American people marry more than four times.
D.More and more people are getting divorced.
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题有一定难度,干扰项干扰较大,B的干扰最大,但是原文提到的是almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now,所以B项里,more than half,夸大了原意,所以正确答案应该是D。
为什么商务英语考试中有的考生不允许入场?:为什么商务英语考试中有的考生不允许入场?考点将拒绝考生入场,并不予改期考试或退还考费:1. 抵达考点与网上报名所选考点不一致;2. 未携带准考证或规定的有效身份证件;3. 所携身份证件的有效性未通过核验;4. 身份证件类型和号码与所持准考证显示信息不符;5. 身份证件相片与本人明显不符;6. 未按准考证规定时间到达考场;7. 不服从监考人员的管理,扰乱考场秩序。
需要具备怎样的基础才能备考商务英语BEC中级?:商务英语中级需要有大学英语四级到六级的水平。
学习商务英语BEC初级需要具备怎样的基础?:学习商务英语BEC初级需要具备怎样的基础?根据BEC考试大纲的要求,学习BEC初级需要有公共英语四级的水平。
2023-01-06
2023-01-06
2023-01-06
2023-01-06
2023-01-06
微信扫码关注公众号
获取更多考试热门资料