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2023年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理补全短文分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn\'t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation room.Under the right conditions, people\'s minds are susceptible to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings is enormous. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems."The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it\'s impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn\'t do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess. "Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn\'t do. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich\'s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession. Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds. "There\'s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professorat Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. "But adults are highly vulnerable too. " Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. ______【单选题】
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision. "
C."It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professorat the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too. "
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn\'t do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
正确答案:B
答案解析:由于审讯室的巨大压力,嫌疑人很可能为了逃离那种环境而承认自己本没有做过的事。因此,Kassin说,从某种程度上看,错误的妥协在那种情况下是一种理性的选择。
2、Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well - known all around the world. Among them are New Year\'s Eve Celebrations. Also days are common in honorof love and friendship, like Valentine\'s Day. Each country has its own special holidays too, to mark important events in its history. Schools, banks, and government offices all close on days like these. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious. A few of them are really very strange.Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool\'s Day, forexample. No one knows when orwhy it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries-France, England, and Australia, etc. On this day, people play practical jokes. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh. The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional forboys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part: they do it to girls they like.Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city ortown. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. Then begins the world\'s biggest food fight. Fortwo hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. ____There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea fora new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 9. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.【单选题】
A.They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king forthree days.
B.Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.
C.That is supposed to be Toothache Day.
D.Then begins the world\'s biggest food fight.
E.Some people have fun imagining new holidays.
F.Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题有一定难度,文章此处讨论的是爱尔兰一个奇怪的节日,山羊节,回来看选项,只有A符合上下文逻辑,是答案。
3、Robotic Highway ConesA University of Nebraska professorhas developed robotic cones and barrels. ____They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant professorof mechanical engineering at Nebraska.Forexample, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time. and they can return to the original place at the end of the day. "It just seems like a very good application forrobots," Farritorsaid. "The robotic cones would also help remove people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place," Farritorsaid in a report on his creation. Word on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant . The fund allowed Farritorto work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides. "It would look exactly the same," Farritorsaid. "Normally there\'s a kind of rubbery, black base to them. We replace that with a robot. .Farritorhas talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most useful to what they might needThe robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road ormoving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds. "That way you don\'t have to block off a l0-mile strip forthe operation. " Farritorsaid.While prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. Farritorsaid he has applied fora patent and is considering what to do next. He is thinking about starting a small business. . He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country which may benefit from them.【单选题】
A.and they can return to the original place at the end of the day.
B.He is thinking about starting a small business.
C.Farritorwas "Inventorof the Year" in 2003.
D.Word on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant
E.We replace that with a robot.
F.These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, orinto place, from computer commands made miles away.
正确答案:F
答案解析:第1段要恢复的句子的内容应该与robotic cones and barrels有关。F句中的“These robotic cones and barrels”正好说明F句是第1句的后续句. these这个代词把第1、2句连接起来。第1、2句内容上是连贯的,证实第2句是第1句的后续句。
4、EducationWhen a teacher finds a way to make a real difference in the students\' lives that\'s what education is all about. Let me tell you a story. Back in 1944 we had a new student named Roger, he was the first black student in our school, and everyone had some pretty ignorant views on the subject of black people . The other kids weren\'t bad children; they were just copying their parents, and well, I\'m afraid most of their parents had some pretty ignorant views on the subject of black people . But as you know, when you\'re twelve years old, you\'re just starting to have your own opinions about things, and I knew this could be a very important moment in their education. I knew I could make a real difference, ____ , but to all the other kids, too, if just handled it the right way.I decided I had to try to make Roger into someone special. Not like a teacher\'s pet, I wanted the other children to start seeing him as a human being , not just a dark shape in the back of the room. So I went after him with questions in every class. He was a bright little boy, so it was easy enough forme to establish him as a smart person with real value. I was pretty pleased, because I could see Roger becoming more confident, and although the other kids were still not very friendly, at least they stopped being so nasty to him.But you know what really changed everything? One day I could see Roger\'s mind was wandering: and without thinking I threw an eraser in his direction. I only meant to get his attention, but the eraser hit his hand and sent his pencil flying. The whole class roared! and afterwards, of course, all the kids went up to Roger to laugh with him about it . That\'s how he became an individual, someone special, to talk to and make friends with and that\'s how I became "Dead - Eye Bean".【单选题】
A.was giving him a hard time
B.had some pretty ignorant views on the subject of black people
C.while they were enjoying the same class
D.not only to little Roger
E.start seeing him as a human being
F.all the kids went up to Roger to laugh with him about it
正确答案:D
答案解析:空格的后面是“but to all the other kids,too”,这应该是一个not only. . . but (also)的句型。老师认为如果他能以正确的方法解决这个问题,不仅对Roger,而且对其他的黑人孩子也非常重要。因此答案是D。
5、Ants as a Barometer of Ecological ChangeAt picnics, ants are pests. But they have their uses. In industries such as training, farming and forestry, they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.It has been recognized fordecades that ants-which are highly sensitive to ecological change can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem. Only certain species, forinstance, will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees. Others will die out forlack of food. and still others will move in and take up residence.By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how "stressed" the land is. They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys. Ants are used simply because they are so common and comprise so many species.Where mine sites are being restored, forexample, some ant species will recognize the stripped land more quickly than others. _____. Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys foryears to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations. "We found it worked extremely well there," says Jonathan Majer, a professorof environmental biology. Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia, he says, because ants are so common throughout the region. As Majer puts it: "That\'s the great thing about ants. "Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accept their results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting. Yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys aren\'t used widely.Why not? Because many companies can\'t afford the expense orthe laboratory time needed to sift results fora comprehensive survey. The cost stems, also, from the scarcity of ant specialists. Employing those people are expensive. 【单选题】
A.This allowed scientists to gauge the pace and progress of the ecological recovery.
B.Yet in other businesses, such as farming and property development, ant surveys aren\'t used widely.
C.Employing those people are expensive.
D.They do this by sorting the ants, counting their numbers and comparing the results with those of earlier surveys.
E.The evolution of ant species may have a strong impact on our ecosystem.
F.Others will die out forlack of food.
正确答案:A
答案解析:选项A中的ecological recovery与前面一句中的recognize相呼应,提示选项A的句子是前面句子的后续句。
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