2022年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理补全短文分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、MemoriesMost episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something ｏｒwondering why you just entered a room are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You are supposed to remember something, but you haven\'t encoded it deeply."Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a majｏｒimpact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, fｏｒexample, ａｎｄ　don\'t pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you will probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn\'t failing you," says Schacter. " ____. "Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to ｄｒｅｐa letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, ａｎｄ　memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Sclnacter." But be sure the cue is clear ａｎｄ　available.,"he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table don\'t leave it in the medicine chest ａｎｄ　write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room ａｎｄ　wondering why you are there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, ａｎｄ　you will likely remember.【单选题】

A.Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a majｏｒimpact on recalling it later

B.Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed

C.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, ａｎｄ　you will likely remember

D.They are more interested in what\'s happening around them

E.But be sure the cue is clear ａｎｄ　available.

F.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness

正确答案:B

答案解析:前文说不是你的记忆力辜负了你，那么到底是因为什么呢？需要填的句子很明显是同一个人说话的一部分，应该给这个问题提供一个答案。选项B中的rather意为“而是”，与前一句中的“不是”相对应，是一个明显的标记。

2、Cars Are Good fｏｒthe Environment，HonestBritain\'s motｏｒindustry is planning a majｏｒpublicity campaign to counter what it sees as an official anti-car bias ａｎｄ　to improve the environmental image of the cars, according to documents leaked to the pressure group, Friends of the Earth (FOE). The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡12 million.The internal document which was produced last month by the Society of MotｏｒManufacturers ａｎｄ　Traders, says that the "ultimate objective of the campaign must be to protect the long-term commercial freedom of the motｏｒindustry ａｎｄ　the lifestyle freedom of car users". The campaign will highlight the motｏｒindustry\'s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. European car manufacturers have already agreed with the European Com mission to reduce CO2 emissions from new cars by 25 percent to target of 140 grams per kilometer by 2008. However, the document also reveals that the industry is someway from meeting the target. ____To help control these emissions, the government has proposed replacing the flat rate annual tax on cars with a tax related to engine size so that owners of large gas-guzzler would pay more than owners of small cars. But the motｏｒindustry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use.Richard Barnet, the society\'s media manager, says: "We will work with the government to practice a practical system. " But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”.【单选题】

A.The campaign will highlight the motｏｒindustry\'s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.

B.But the motｏｒindustry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use.

C.The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡14 million.

D.The reason why cars are good fｏｒthe environment is obvious.

E.But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”.

F.Fｏｒexample, last year\'s new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre—some 39 percent above the target.

正确答案:F

答案解析:前句进行了总说，而后句为另一话题，前后之间没有直接关联，所以可以判断此处可以为前句的举例说明。

3、MemoriesMost episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something ｏｒwondering why you just entered a room are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You are supposed to remember something, but you haven\'t encoded it deeply."Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a majｏｒimpact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, fｏｒexample, ａｎｄ　don\'t pay attention to what you did because you are involved in a conversation, you will probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn\'t failing you," says Schacter. " Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed. "Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to ｄｒｅｐa letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, ａｎｄ　memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Sclnacter." But be sure the cue is clear ａｎｄ　available,"he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table don\'t leave it in the medicine chest ａｎｄ　write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room ａｎｄ　wondering why you are there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. ____.【单选题】

A.Encoding, Schacter says, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a majｏｒimpact on recalling it later

B.Rather, you didn\'t give your memory system the information it needed

C.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, ａｎｄ　you will likely remember

D.They are more interested in what\'s happening around them

E.But be sure the cue is clear ａｎｄ　available.

F.Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness

正确答案:C

答案解析:最后一段说的是另一个心不在焉的现象，即走进房间却忘记了去那儿的原因。在分析了这一现象之后，本段的最后一句很有可能会提出建议，答案C恰好满足要求。

4、Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets ａｎｄ　retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. ____ Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic ｏｒglass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自动售货机, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.In response to a campaign by Britain\'s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates 装货箱 fｏｒtransporting its fresh produce.But campaigners said retailers ａｎｄ　the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets ａｎｄ　deposits are paid fｏｒreusable plastic ａｎｄ　glass beverage bottles.【单选题】

A.If a product is over packaged, don\'t buy it.

B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic ｏｒglass container, you make a deposit.

C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.

D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.

E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) fｏｒtransporting its fresh produce.

F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.

正确答案:F

答案解析:本题难度不是很大，选项意义差异大，比较好排除，本题可以看选项，等到信息提示，使用排除法和代入法。本题的上句谈到了，英国超市和零售商减少使用包裹是反浪费活动的一部分，campaign 一词是信号词，下句转到谈具体垃圾数量，回来看选项，可以发现F项，提到了campaign，把F项代入文中，符合上下文逻辑，是答案。

5、Cars Are Good fｏｒthe Environment，HonestBritain\'s motｏｒindustry is planning a majｏｒpublicity campaign to counter what it sees as an official anti-car bias ａｎｄ　to improve the environmental image of the cars, according to documents leaked to the pressure group, Friends of the Earth (FOE). The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡12 million.The internal document which was produced last month by the Society of MotｏｒManufacturers ａｎｄ　Traders, says that the "ultimate objective of the campaign must be to protect the long-term commercial freedom of the motｏｒindustry ａｎｄ　the lifestyle freedom of car users". ____ European car manufacturers have already agreed with the European Com mission to reduce CO2 emissions from new cars by 25 percent to target of 140 grams per kilometer by 2008. However, the document also reveals that the industry is someway from meeting the target. Fｏｒexample, last year\'s new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre—some 37 percent above the target.To help control these emissions, the government has proposed replacing the flat rate annual tax on cars with a tax related to engine size so that owners of large gas-guzzler would pay more than owners of small cars. But the motｏｒindustry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use.Richard Barnet, the society\'s media manager, says: "We will work with the government to practice a practical system. " But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”.【单选题】

A.The campaign will highlight the motｏｒindustry\'s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.

B.But the motｏｒindustry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use.

C.The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡13 million.

D.The reason why cars are good fｏｒthe environment is obvious.

E.But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”.

F.Fｏｒexample, last year\'s new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre—some 38 percent above the target.

正确答案:A

答案解析:前文提到了campaign“活动”，由后文可知本段对该活动进行解释，所以选择A。