2022年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理历年真题5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Cell Phones1. Believe it ｏｒnot, cell phones have been around fｏｒover a quarter of a century. The first commercial cell phone system was developed by the Japanese in 1979, but cell phones have changed a lot since that time. The early cell phones were big ａｎｄ　heavy but they have developed into small ａｎｄ　light palm sized models. There are huge developments in their functions, too. We have had call forwarding, text messaging, answering services ａｎｄ　hands - free use fｏｒyears, but now there are new facilities, such as instant access to the Internet ａｎｄ　receiving ａｎｄ　sending photos.2. Cell phones have become very common in our lives. Recent statistics suggest one in three people on the planet now have cell phone, ａｎｄ　most of them say they couldn\'t live without one, Cell phones are used in every area of our lives ａｎｄ　have become a necessary tool, used fｏｒessential arrangements, social contact ａｎｄ　business. It easier to call fｏｒhelp on the highway. It possible to keep in touch with people "on the move" when people are traveling.3. Cell phones have made communication easier ａｎｄ　have reduced the need fｏｒfamily arguments f We can use cell phones to let our family know we\'ll be late ｏｒif there\'s a sudden change of plan ｏｒan emergency. Cell phones have eased the worries of millions of parents when their teenagers are out late. They can now contact their children at any time.4. This does not mean that cell phones are all good news. Cell phones have brought with them a number of new headaches fｏｒtheir owners. It costs a lot to replace stolen phones, It is becoming a frequent occurrence, ａｎｄ　have you ever seen such a huge phone bills? More serious, however, Cell phones bring the potential health problem. There are fears that radiation from the phones may cause brain tumｏｒ肿瘤). This may be a time bomb waiting to happen to younger people who have grown up with cell phones. They simply can\'t live without cell phones!Paragraph 4 ______【单选题】

A.Cell phones ａｎｄ　the family

B.Commercial cell phone systems

C.Cell phones in everyday life

D.Cell phones fｏｒteenagers

E.History of cell phones

F.Problems with cell phones

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，主旨句比较明显，就是第三段的第一句：手机让交流变得容易，也减少了家庭争论。后面具体介绍了手机在家庭中发挥的作用，A项Cell phones ａｎｄ　their family是本段主旨句的近义解释，是答案。

2、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight ｏｒshade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science fｏｒwell, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun ａｎｄ　colder as we travel _____ from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell ａｎｄ　Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fｏｒtheir work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】

A.by

B.away

C.along

D.with

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度较大，考查词义辨析，干扰项干扰较大。根据上下文逻辑，文章此处是说“当我们飞离太阳时温度会变得更低”，答案是B。

3、Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico, the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did-without electricity. That\'s because it\'s too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves, the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. ａｎｄ　without electricity, at home ｏｒon the road, they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark, they must stop whatever they\'re doing.Now, a team of scientists, designers ａｎｄ　architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets. The scientists technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes, bags, ｏｒother items.By collecting the sun\'s energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics "Portable Lights," Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy."Our invention," Kennedy says, "came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States ａｎｄ　move it into new markets fｏｒpeople who didn\'t have a lot of money."At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high - brightness light - emitting diodes, ｏｒHB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions ａｎｄ　streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside, electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature, bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights, however, is heat ａｎｄ　invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken.LEDs, on the other hand, are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED, the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED, the type of molecules ａｎｄ　their particular arrangement determines what colｏｒis produced.The central part of the Portable Lights technology is ______.【单选题】

A.glass bulbs

B.digital clocks

C.incandescent lights

D.HB LEDs

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，关键在吃透句意，答案依据比较明显，带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据主要在文章第五段第一句：At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high - brightness light - emitting diodes ｏｒHB LEDs。其中core和题干里的central part是同义词，回来看选项，D项和原文句意相符，答案是D。

4、The Hurricane1. A hurricane (飓风) is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral(螺旋) around a relative calm center known as the "eye". The "eye" is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, ａｎｄ　the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring heavy rains, high winds ａｎｄ　storm surges(风暴潮). The storm surges ａｎｄ　heavy rains can lead to flooding.2. Hurricanes are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, The Gulf of Mexico, ｏｒthe Northeast Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the Internaional Date Line are called typhoons near Australia ａｎｄ　in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical cyclones(龙卷风).3. When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, heavy rains, inland(内陆的) flooding ａｎｄ　huge waves crashing on to the shore. During a hurricane, homes, businesses ａｎｄ　public buildings may be damaged ｏｒdestroyed, roads ａｎｄ　bridges can be washed away. A powerful hurricane can kill more people ａｎｄ　destroy more property than any other natural disaster. Fishermen are at special risk from hurricanes as they may be at sea when a hurricane arrives ａｎｄ　not be able to get to a safe harbｏｒif they do not receive adequate warning.4. If a hurricane is comming in your area, the most important thing is to stay calm ａｎｄ　find shelter immediately. Go to your safe room. If you do not have one, stay indoors during the hurricane ａｎｄ　go to a safer place near the center of your home. Cover yourself with a blanket ａｎｄ　be sure to keep away from windows ａｎｄ　glass doors, because if the glass breaks it’s really dangerous. Do not be fooled if there is lull(暂停), it could be the eye of the storm—winds will pick up again.Depending on where they occur, hurricanes have ______.【单选题】

A.different labels

B.window ａｎｄ　glass doors

C.inlａｎｄ　flooding

D.early warning

E.natural disaster

F.a constant speed

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，在文章第二段的第一句：Hurricanes are given a different label，depending on where they occur.回来看选项，A项符合原文句意，是答案。

5、Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingThere\'s no doubt, In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming ａｎｄ　trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientist recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world ａｎｄ　they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 ａｎｄ　2009, satellites recorded the night time temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae (水藻) ａｎｄ　algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.That\'s going to be useful, since no matter the country is too big ｏｒtoo small can\'t ignore climate changes. Scientists aren\'t the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse(温室) gases we put into the air.That\'s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, ｏｒUNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, ａｎｄ　representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change ａｎｄ　discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.UNFCCC\'s annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度较大，答案依据不明显，需要通读全文。通读全文可以发现，文章并没有提到UNFCCC年度会议今年在墨西哥举行的事实，本题是没有提及的，答案是C。