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2022年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理概括大意与完成句子分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、A Strong Greenhouse Gas1 Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmospheres, it absorbs beat radiating from Earth\'s surface. That\'s why methane is a majorcontributorto the planet\'s increasing temperature rise orglobal warming. Molecule formolecule, methane\'s heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide, the most abundant greenhouse gas.2 With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world (100 million in the U. S. alone), it\'s no surprise that menace released by livestock is one of the chief sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources: petroleum, drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wetlands.3 Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth\'s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen. and without greenhouse gases to trap the sun\'s heat and warm the planet, life as we know it couldn\'t exist. But in the last200 years, human activity that requires burning oil, natural gas, and coal forenergy has magnified the greenhouse effect.4 Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame forthis often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a majorrole, too. In the past 40 years alone, the global cattle population has doubled.5 Cows munch mostly grasses and hay yet they grow big and hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The rumen holds 160 liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and protozoa break down cellulose and Fiber into digestible nutrients. A cow couldn\'t live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, trey release methane. The process occurs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, forexample), and it makes them very gassy. It\'s part of their normal digestion process. When they drew their cud, they regurgitate some food to rechew it, and all this gas comes out. The average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day.That\'s why we say livestock gas is also a majorfactorof causing the global warming.Nothing has been mentioned in the passage about ____ .【单选题】
A.one of tire majorcontributors
B.the ever-increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases
C.big and hefty cows
D.livestock\'s normal digestion process
E.how to cut down the cattle population
F.big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles
正确答案:E
答案解析:选项E是本文没有提到的内容,也就是说,其他五个选项的内容文章都有涉及。
2、Intelligent Machines1. Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson\'s disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is authorof the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world\'s best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.2. Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona; the virtual (虚拟的) hostess of Kurzweil\'s homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.3. Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world", he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor(探测器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensorwill describe to the person everything it sees.4. Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to trans late into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.5. But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future, Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won\'t be ready forat least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our minds will be able to live forever.Paragraph 3 ____【单选题】
A.A new pair of eyes
B.Computers that can communicate
C.Everlasting consciousness on a computer
D.Time to break off a friendship
E.An authorand researcher
F.A new pair of ears
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题难度不大,考生只要认真阅读第三段,不难抓住本段的中心。这一段主要是说如何帮助盲人,这种“看得见的机器”能够使盲人描述他所看到的一切。A项A new pair of eyes,“一双新的眼睛”,可以概括本段内容,答案是A。
3、RobotsThe most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America orEurope.Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices forsimply handling objects, today their commonest uses are formore skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF ormean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day fortwo years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small .sample.The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume________.【单选题】
A.too much energy
B.based on American designs
C.they are too costly
D.they are not reliable
E.quality control
F.free of charge
正确答案:A
答案解析:首先根据语法知识,及物动词consume后加名词作宾语,排除选项B、C、D。consume作动词表示“消耗”,剩余选项中只有A选项“too much energy”可以与其搭配。此外,文章第四段It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job也表明:做同样的工作,机器人平均要消耗的能量是人类的100多倍。由此可以肯定A为正确答案。
4、Longer Lives Are Happier Lives1 In recent years, scientists have been studying ways to change the body\'s chemistry to reduce the signs and effects of aging.2 0negroupof researchers in Britain has performed experiments on a kind of worm. They have managed to increase the worm\'s normal life span of 20 days by up to 400%. They hope that they will be able to use this research to help humans live longer. However, this is a long way in the future. Another disadvantage is that when (orif) the new technology is successfully developed, it will probably be very expensive. The chance to live longer will only be available to a very few, very rich people.3 Anothergroupof scientists is studying people who have reached a very old age. They believe that this may show what has kept these people healthy and alive forso long. So, if we look at people who have lived into very old age, what do they have in common? Usually they have led a physically active life. This does not mean going to a gym orrunning ten miles every day. Simple, enjoyable activities like walking seem to be more likely to keep you healthy. Very old people also eat a good, varied diet. Simple foods like vegetable, rice, pasta and fish are the best.4 However, there may be one thing even more important than physical factors like diet and exercise. Research shows that personality, and the way a person thinks, play an important part in how long they will live. People who live into very old age always seem to enjoy life. They have a sense of humorand get satisfaction from simple things. They do not constantly think about the past, but are interested in the present and the future. They do not let life get boring, but have interests and hobbies which keep their minds active and they are open to new ideas. One Japanese man who lived to be 120 commented that the secret of his long life was "not worrying". To express it simply, people who are happy and positive about life are more likely to live longer.5 So, eat well, exercise well, and enjoy life, and you will have a good chance of living to a healthy, happy old age.According to the passage, the healthiest exercise is ____.【单选题】
A.Running 10 miles every day
B.It does not exist
C.They hope to find out what has made them live so long
D.walking
E.enjoy life
F.It will be very expensive
正确答案:D
答案解析:题干问最健康的锻炼是什么,选项中只有一个walking是和锻炼有关的。
5、Longer Lives Are Happier Lives1 In recent years, scientists have been studying ways to change the body\'s chemistry to reduce the signs and effects of aging.2 0negroupof researchers in Britain has performed experiments on a kind of worm. They have managed to increase the worm\'s normal life span of 20 days by up to 400%. They hope that they will be able to use this research to help humans live longer. However, this is a long way in the future. Another disadvantage is that when (orif) the new technology is successfully developed, it will probably be very expensive. The chance to live longer will only be available to a very few, very rich people.3 Anothergroupof scientists is studying people who have reached a very old age. They believe that this may show what has kept these people healthy and alive forso long. So, if we look at people who have lived into very old age, what do they have in common? Usually they have led a physically active life. This does not mean going to a gym orrunning ten miles every day. Simple, enjoyable activities like walking seem to be more likely to keep you healthy. Very old people also eat a good, varied diet. Simple foods like vegetable, rice, pasta and fish are the best.4 However, there may be one thing even more important than physical factors like diet and exercise. Research shows that personality, and the way a person thinks, play an important part in how long they will live. People who live into very old age always seem to enjoy life. They have a sense of humorand get satisfaction from simple things. They do not constantly think about the past, but are interested in the present and the future. They do not let life get boring, but have interests and hobbies which keep their minds active and they are open to new ideas. One Japanese man who lived to be 120 commented that the secret of his long life was "not worrying". To express it simply, people who are happy and positive about life are more likely to live longer.5 So, eat well, exercise well, and enjoy life, and you will have a good chance of living to a healthy, happy old age.Paragraph 2 ____【单选题】
A.How to live happy old age
B.Disadvantages of the project
C.The study of old people
D.Personality and other mental factors are more important
E.Worms live longer than humans
F.Live simple lives
正确答案:B
答案解析:由“Another disadvantage is…”可以看出一共说了两个弊端,以此说明想让人们活的长久的这个实验是不可行的。
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