2022年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding (为时甚久的) mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac(心脏的 ) cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path fｏｒthe treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure ａｎｄ　heart attack, experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes (心肌细胞), are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professｏｒof stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with ｏｒif they could be renewed," he said.The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20 - year - old, about I percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover (更替) rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75."If we can understａｎｄ　how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals (药物) that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, fｏｒexample, a heart attack," Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co - authｏｒDr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.With this finding, scientists are "opening the doｏｒto potential therapies (疗法) to having ourselves heal ourselves." Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new ａｎｄ　more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. "But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.Chronic heart failure is attributed to ______.【单选题】

A.the dying heart cells

B.the effect of pharmaceuticals

C.the weight of the patient

D.the life span of a person

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显。带着题干信息词回文章定位，答案依据是文章第七段最后一句，谈到慢性心脏衰竭是由心肌细胞的死亡引起的，回来看选项，A项和原文句意相符，是答案。

2、BaseballThere are people in Italy who can\'t stａｎｄ　soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn ｏｒeven frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it\'s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet ａｎｄ　gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there\'s the sport that glorifies "the hit".By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent ａｎｄ　still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays ａｎｄ　close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space ａｎｄ　time fｏｒinvolvement. The TV won\'t do it fｏｒyou.Take, fｏｒexample, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout ａｎｄ　you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms ｏｒbring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right ｏｒleft, backward ｏｒforward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman\'s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. "Nothing happened," you say. "I could have had my eyes closed".The skeptic ａｎｄ　the innocent must play the game. ａｎｄ　this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood if football is a symphony of movement ａｎｄ　theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores ａｎｄ　responses.By stating "I could have had my eyes closed" the authｏｒmeans ____.【单选题】

A.The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.

B.Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result.

C.The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time ａｎｄ　do his work well.

D.The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.

正确答案:B

答案解析:第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景： 拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，做好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。

3、Early childhood educationIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement ａｎｄ　economic success, fｏｒpossible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find in most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese ａｎｄ　210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, ａｎｄ　parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children fｏｒsuccessful careers in first grade ａｎｄ　beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, ａｎｄ　mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, ａｎｄ　the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese ａｎｄ　American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with aｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listedｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of theｇｒｏｕｐseen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training ｏｒpotential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary ａｎｄ　secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children\'s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools ａｎｄ　universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out fｏｒthe heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to ____.【单选题】

A.problem solving

B.group experience

C.parental guidance

D.individually-oriented development

正确答案:B

答案解析:这道题从第二段的第二句可以直接选出答案B。

4、Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a fiveyear research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer, They said patients are younger, especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumｏｒresearch Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason fｏｒlung cancer," said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine TumｏｒDiagnosis ａｎｄ　Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients fｏｒfive years. Among them, 1,433 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking ｏｒinhaling second-hａｎｄ　smoke, according to the report.However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking ａｎｄ　complained about irritated eyes ａｎｄ　throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens ａｎｄ　about 25 percent of women\'s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. "Unless my family ａｎｄ　I don\'t eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook," said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad fｏｒthe skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less. "Doctors said women\'s lung cancer had few links to personal health ａｎｄ　physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits ａｎｄ　weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him."Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer fｏｒmen," said Dr. Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University\'s Medical College. "It\'s true that second-hａｎｄ　smoke ａｎｄ　cooking fumes are the main causes among women. "His research also warned people not to stａｎｄ　near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poｏｒquality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume fｏｒa long time, experts said.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?【单选题】

A.Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women

B.Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men

C.Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males

D.Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females

正确答案:D

答案解析:主旨题。题干考查的是研究者关于肺癌新趋势的结论。答案参见第二段：They said patients are younger，especially women（肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”）。故正确答案为D。

5、 Happiness If your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money can\'t buy you happiness anyway. In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse relation to happiness: Theｇｒｏｕｐwhose income had declined was happier overall than theｇｒｏｕｐwhose income had increased. A soon-to-be published review of the hundreds of studies on this subject supports the 1993 findings. In developed countries, the correlation between income ａｎｄ　happiness is close to zero ａｎｄ　sometimes negative. With a correlation between level of income ａｎｄ　happiness somewhere between 0.12 ａｎｄ　0.18, the United States is near the bottom of the list; that factors other than income are overwhelmingly more important in explaining happiness. Also, as our material wealth increases, the gap between income ａｎｄ　satisfaction with life seems to be widening. Predictably, money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person has achieved a minimal standard of living level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness. Close relationship, rather than money, is the key to happiness. Indeed, the number of one\'s personal friends is a much better indicatｏｒof overall satisfaction with life than personal wealth. One stands a better chance of achieving a satisfying life by spending time with friends ａｎｄ　family than by striving fｏｒhigher income. Incidentally, in the US, as people become richer, the probability of divorce increases. Our need fｏｒcompanionship is partly biological. All primates respond with pleasure to demonstrations of affection ａｎｄ　with pain to loss of companionship. Isolated monkeys will sacrifice food just fｏｒthe glimpses of another monkey. By ignoring our biologically programmed need fｏｒeach other, we risk physical ａｎｄ　mental distress. A recent cross-national study of mental depression in the US found that in advanced countries, there is a rising tide of majｏｒdepression. Teenage suicides have increased in recent decades in almost all advanced countries. Moreover, in the US since World War Ⅱ, there has been an actual decline in the proportion of people who report themselves to be "very unhappy. " You can easily test the claim that companionship exceeds wealth as a source of happiness. Ask yourself which has a greater influence on your satisfaction with life: your income ｏｒthe affection of your intimate companions ａｎｄ　the well-being of your children? Conversely, which would make you more depressed: a reduction in salary ｏｒa divorce ａｎｄ　isolation from your friends? Capitalism succeeds in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies ａｎｄ　protecting family integrity. But developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. Fｏｒpoorer countries, the time is not yet ripe fｏｒa shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship. Can we afford to believe that the pursuit of material gain will lead to self-fulfillment? We should continue to enjoy our wealth in good company, ｏｒelse we may find that it is not satisfying. In the author\'s opinion, which of the following statements is not true?【单选题】

A. Wealth means differently to the poｏｒａｎｄ　the rich.

B.Money makes the poｏｒａｎｄ　the rich equally happy.

C.Money means less to a person as he achieves a higher standard of living.

D.Money means more to the poｏｒthan to the rich.

正确答案:B

答案解析: 被选项中多处提到了“富人”和“穷人”，因此利用the poor和the rich作为答案线索，这样在文章中找到了答案相关句： （第5段）Predictably，money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person achieved a minimal standard of living, level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness. 该句说“可以预言的是，钱对穷人有最大的影响”从该句内容可以推出这样的语意：钱对穷人和富人的影响是不同的。A：钱对穷人具有的意义比对富人更大；D：但是一旦人达到了最低生活水平，他的收入水平与快乐就几乎没有什么关系了。该部分内容与C一致（当一个人达到了更高一些的生活水平，钱对他来说所具有的意义就更小些），因此答案是B。