2022年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight ｏｒshade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science fｏｒwell, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun ａｎｄ　colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell ａｎｄ　Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fｏｒtheir work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even ______ accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】

A.that

B.such

C.much

D.more

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查词义辨析，干扰项有一定的干扰。根据上下文逻辑，文章此处是说“……使世界原子钟更准确”，答案是D。

2、The SmogFｏｒover a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought fｏｒ50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight ａｎｄ　hot dry air to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread ａｎｄ　within days it was hanging over neighboring countries including Malaysia, Singapore ａｎｄ　Thailand. When the smoke combined with pollution from factories ａｎｄ　cars, it soon became poisonous. Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog ａｎｄ　pollution levels rose. People wheezed (喘息) ａｎｄ　coughed as they left the house ａｎｄ　their eyes watered immediately. The smog made it impossible to see across streets ａｎｄ　whole cities disappeared as grey soot(烟灰) covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed (用胶管浇) from high-rise city buildings to try ａｎｄ　break up the smog. Finally, heavy rains, which came in November. Put out the fires ａｎｄ　clear the air. But the environmental costs ａｎｄ　health problems will remain. Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes ａｎｄ　factory pollution Breathing problems could well increase ａｎｄ　many non-sufferers may have difficulties fｏｒthe first time. Wildlife has suffered too. In lowlａｎｄ　forests, elephants, deer, ａｎｄ　tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog. But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact. was world was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke ａｎｄ　thick fog. Fog often hung over the capital. Sometimes the smog was so thick ａｎｄ　poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems ｏｒin accidents. About 4, 000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952. The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days. 【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:C

答案解析:题句意思是“空气污染指数几天内达到300”。文章根本没有提到此事，故选C。

3、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colｏｒred often means danger ａｎｄ　by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colｏｒred also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports ｏｒother kinds of materials, could one day contain a colｏｒ- changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses ｏｒfalls apart.The secret behind the colｏｒ- changing material is a particular type of molecule (分子). A molecule is aｇｒｏｕｐof atoms (原子) held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes ａｎｄ　sizes ａｎｄ　make up _____ you can see, touch ｏｒfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains ａｎｄ　how they\'re held together.When a polymer (聚合物) containing a colｏｒ- changing molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) is about to break, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" ｏｒweak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks ａｎｄ　the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos ａｎｄ　her team tested the colｏｒ- changing polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging.There is a way to get rid of the red colｏｒlight. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed ａｎｄ　the red colｏｒdisappears. Thus "self - healing" may be a problem fｏｒengineers. They need to use the colｏｒ- changer in big construction projects that will be outside, under sunlight. ａｎｄ　sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warning system useless.Sottos ａｎｄ　her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colｏｒ- changing molecules can be used outside the lab.【单选题】

A.nothing

B.anyone

C.someone

D.everything

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题难度不大，考查不定代词everything的用法，本题可以先看选项，得到信息提示，很明显，答案是D。

4、One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt\'s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction (灭绝) of the smallpox (天花) virus. When smallpox was completely got rid of in the world, scientists wanted to destroy the killer virus in the last two labs, one in the US ａｎｄ　one in Russia. They asked: If smallpox has truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a powerful potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials (小药瓶). ａｎｄ　the last "official" stocks of live Virus bred mistrust of the US ａｎｄ　Russia, fｏｒno obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way fｏｒtests on new treatments ａｎｄ　vaccines(疫苗). So once again there\'s a good reason to the virus, just in _____ the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we case with the mistrust of the US ａｎｄ　Russia? deal. Keep the virus Simple international support in a well - guarded UN laboratory that\'s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it with a multilateral (多边的) approach to just about everything. But it doesn\'t mean the idea is rejects. If the virus is useful, then let\'s wrong it the servant of all humanity make not just a part of it.【单选题】

A.put

B.keep

C.remove

D.study

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，依据上下文逻辑，文章此处要用“保存”的意思，答案是B。

5、Cell Phone Lets Your Secret OutYour cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names ａｎｄ　numbers that you\'ve programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you- because you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, ｏｒhair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals ａｎｄ　their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you than you might think.Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone ａｎｄ　later dropped the device. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones even when no blood was involved. So she ａｎｄ　colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to collect invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, ａｎｄ　the speaker, which is placed at the user\'s ear.The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back fｏｒanother week. Then the researchers collected the phones ａｎｄ　repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.The scientists discovered DNA that belonged to the phone\'s speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. ______, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won\'t remove all traces of evidence from a criminal\'s device. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch a crime scene investigation.【单选题】

A.Generally

B.Surprisingly

C.Disappointedly

D.Shortly

正确答案:B

答案解析:最后一段的第一和第二句告诉我们手机经过清洗后仍然有微量DNA出现。所以这里要用surprising这个副词，表示令人惊讶。

6、What Do Dreams Tell Us?Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have troubled man fｏｒthousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is Egyptian ａｎｄ　is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would tell them what they meant ａｎｄ　then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear, she would have a son, ａｎｄ　if she dreamed of a snake, she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling (预言) the future.We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists believe that dreams are based on events in our own life ａｎｄ　on our feelings. The events are usually very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hａｎｄ　our wishes, hopes ａｎｄ　fears may go back many years, even to early childhood.In a dream, events are altered. A dream may contain parts of many real-life events. Most importantly, something that cannot be shown directly may be shown indirectly. Fｏｒexample, you might dream of driving a large car. This could mean not that you want to have a larger car, but that you desire power, ａｎｄ　maybe you want to control other people. Again, you may dream that you are an actｏｒin a play. The play is about to start, but you have completely forgot your lines. This dream may seem strange because you are not interested in acting, ａｎｄ　you never want to be in a play. But the dream may mean that you have some other problem that you feel is too difficult fｏｒyou to solve.Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to us. Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious ａｎｄ　restless. ａｎｄ　when they are later allowed to sleep as much as they like, they dream more than ever to make us fｏｒthe lost "dream time".When people are not allowed to dream during sleep, they become ______.【单选题】

A.power

B.quiet ａｎｄ　happy

C.events

D.experiments

E.diseases

F.worried ａｎｄ　nervous

正确答案:F

答案解析:根据题干线索词be allowed to dream定位原文至第四段第二句：Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious ａｎｄ　restless. 题干部分对该句进行了同义改写，由此推断，所需添加成分为句中画线部分。而F选项worried ａｎｄ　nervous（紧张不安的）属于对该部分的同义改写，故F为正确答案。

7、The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State. 【单选题】

A.center

B.division

C.root

D.base

正确答案:B

答案解析:branch:分支机构、树枝，division也有分支机构的意义；center:中心；root:根；base:基础。

8、This reminds me oflots of things. 【单选题】

A.much

B.some

C.big

D.many

正确答案:D

答案解析:lots of和many同义，许多；much：许多（修饰不可数名词）；big:大的；some: 一些。

9、A Great Quake Coming?Everyone lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area ａｎｄ　they can devastate. In 1906, fｏｒexample, a majｏｒquake destroyed about 28000 buildings ａｎｄ　killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when will the next "Big One" strike. It\'s bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault(断层) lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earth\'s crust (地壳) slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes.To prepare fｏｒthat day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake ａｎｄ　predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens.One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas Fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture(断裂) about 2.7 kilometers persecond. During bigger quakes, however, ruptures can happen faster than 3.5 kilometers persecond.At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure build up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky fｏｒSan Francisco, these pressure pulses (脉冲) traveled away from the city during the 1906 event.Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next majｏｒquake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the area has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a majｏｒearthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent.New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the city\'s buildings are old ａｎｄ　weak. Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage.People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet fｏｒa while. According to the new research, however, it\'s not a matter that whether "the Big One" will hit here. It\'s just a matter of when.Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，找到答案依据不难。答案依据在第五段。第五段第二句：Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906.谈到记录显示在1906年前地震十分常见的。所以本题错误，答案是B。

10、One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt\'s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction (灭绝) of the smallpox (天花) virus. When smallpox was completely got rid of in the world, scientists wanted to destroy the killer virus in the last two labs, one in the US ａｎｄ　one in Russia. They asked: If smallpox has truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a powerful potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials (小药瓶). ａｎｄ　the last "official" stocks of live Virus bred mistrust of the US ａｎｄ　Russia, fｏｒno obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way fｏｒtests on new treatments ａｎｄ　vaccines(疫苗). So once again there\'s a good reason to the virus, just in keep the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we case with the mistrust of the US ａｎｄ　Russia? deal. Keep the virus Simple international support in a well - guarded UN laboratory that\'s open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it with a multilateral (多边的) approach to just about everything. But it doesn\'t mean the idea is rejects. If the virus is useful, then let\'s _____ it the servant of all humanity make not just a part of it.【单选题】

A.difficult

B.clear

C.wrong

D.correct

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，很明显，文章此处是说“但并不意味着这个想法是错的”，答案是C。