2022年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、AirbusDespite bulging ｏｒｃｅｒbooks, the mood at Airbus ａｎｄ　Boeing is far from celebratory. Both aviation giants are moaning loudly that their production systems ａｎｄ　supply chains are flawed, albeit fｏｒostensibly different reasons. This week Louis Gallois, the boss of EADS, the Franco-German aerospace consortium that owns Airbus, added substance to warnings a week earlier by the planemaker’s chief executive, Tom Enders, that the dollar\'s decline was "life-threatening" fｏｒthe firm. Mr. Gallois said it was no longer just a possibility that Airbus would have to move a large part of its production to "the dollar zone" ｏｒlow-cost countries, but a certainty.Airbus is already in the middle of Power 8, a big restructuring plan that involves the loss of 10,000 jobs ａｎｄ　the sale of several plants, which is meant to offｓｅｔthe losses caused by the delays in delivering the A380 superjumbo. But Power 8 assumed that a euro was worth $ 1.35, not today\'s $ 1.47. Mr. Gallois estimates that each 10-cent rise in the euro costs Airbus 1 billion. At present, Airbus makes 76% of its purchases within Europe, but generates over 60% of its sales elsewhere. It must now shift some production abroad.Airbus is now likely to forge ahead much further. Mr. Gallois suggests that when the A350 enters service in 2013, 70% of it will have been "purchased" in dollars, against 50% fｏｒthe A380 ａｎｄ　an average 24% of Airbus production today. Because Airbus insists that some of its European suppliers price in dollars that means about 50% of the A350\'s production will be outsourced. New aircraft, such as the A320\'s successor, may be made almost entirely outside the euro-zone.Airbus maintains that exchange rates are not the only reason fｏｒoutsourcing: it is keen to tap into composite-manufacturing expertise wherever it exists. It also insists that it will not repeat the mistakes Boeing has made with its new 787 Dreamliner, about 80% of which has been outsourced. A few weeks ago Mike Bair, the executive responsible fｏｒthe 787 programme, who was recently moved sideways after mounting production delays, launched a withering attack on some of the companies recruited to build the plane. He said that in future Boeing would not entrust design work to partners who "proved incapable of doing it", ａｎｄ　would make suppliers build factories close to Boeing\'s main assembly operation, rather than flying semi-finished sections of the aircraft round the world on huge Dreamlifter transporters.It is too early to conclude that the two rivals are heading in opposite directions- Boeing renouncing the global supply chain just as Airbus adopts it. Each company has its own axe to grind. Airbus needs greater flexibility, ａｎｄ　the weak dollar provides helpful cover as it takes on its grumbling unions. Boeing, fｏｒits part, wants to shift the blame fｏｒdelays to the 787 on to its partners. The logic of global outsourcing in the aerospace industry remains powerful. Whatever they may be saying now. Airbus ａｎｄ　Boeing are more likely to converge than to diverge.According to the passage, the 787 programme is delayed probably because ______.【单选题】

A.the partners are not incapable of building the plane

B.The suppliers are far away from the main assembly operation

C.80% of it has been outsourced to other countries which affected efficiency

D.the executive is not qualified incapable of finding qualified partners

正确答案:B

答案解析:推理题。题干考查的是787项目被延误的原因。答案参见第四段：可能的原因有两方面，不能胜任的合作人和运输飞机半成品部件的费用，故正确答案为B。

2、Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting ａｎｄ　studying all the time will improve students grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn\'t exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember ａｎｄ　pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don\'t. Their brain cells also make more connections.Neuroscientists (神经科学家) from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true fｏｒpeople. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked I mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen ａｎｄ　had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, ａｎｄ　their answers were just as accurate as their less - fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible fｏｒpaying attention ａｎｄ　making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6 - month aerobic - training (有氧运动) course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching ａｎｄ　toning (韵律操) exercises fｏｒthe same amount of time.So, even going fｏｒa walk every 2 ｏｒ3 days fｏｒjust 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news fｏｒthe elderly.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven\'t been studied yet. Still, it can\'t hurt to take occasional breaks ａｎｄ　go fｏｒa walk ｏｒrun around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don\'t try to read ａｎｄ　walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should ______.【单选题】

A.run around once a week

B.not read ａｎｄ　walk at the same time

C.go fｏｒa walk every day

D.not hurt their friends while exercising

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题难度不大，找到答案依据不难。答案依据在最后一段点评：本题难度不大，找到答案依据不难。第三句。这句话谈到。不论你做什么，都不要一边走路一边看书，回来看选项，很明显，B是同义解释，是答案。

3、DietPersons who are overweight should watch their diet carefully in ｏｒｃｅｒto lose pounds. The best way to do this is to start a weight control program. At first it is wise to talk with your doctor. He can advise you of the number of calories you should have in your meals each day. He can tell you about exercising while on your diet. A good rule is to lose slowly. A loss ofa pound ｏｒtwo is plenty. Plan meals around foods you know. This means that it is wise to include foods that you are used to ａｎｄ　that are part of your regular eating habits. When you have lost the weight you wish, simple items can be added to your diet so that you can maintain the weight you want. While you are dieting, try to build a pattern of eating that you can follow later to maintain your desired weight. When dieting, choose low-calorie foods. Avoid such items as fats, fried food, sweets, cakes, cream ａｎｄ　soft drinks. Try to take coffee ａｎｄ　tea without sugar ｏｒcream. Snacks can be part of your diet. Fｏｒexample, a piece of fruit ｏｒa simple dessert saved from mealtime can be eaten between meals. Keep busy! This way you will not be tempted to go off the diet. Make full use of opportunities to exercise. Try walking instead of riding whenever possible. Happy dieting !While dieting you should ______【单选题】

A.choose fried foods

B.choose low-calorie food

C.choose snack as hamburger in Mc Donalds

D.talk to your doctor

正确答案:B

答案解析:从原文第3段中的“When dieting，choose low-calorie foods”可以找到答案。

4、Rockets in the SkyIf someone asked you. "What colｏｒis the sky?" I expect that you would answer, "Blue." I am afraid that you would be wrong. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking at blue sunlight. The sunlight is shining on little bits of dust in the air. We know that there is air all around the world. We could not breathe without air. Airplanes could not fly without air. They need air to lift their wings. Airplanes cannot fly very high because as they go higher the air gets thinner. If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no air. What is the sky? The sky is space. In this space there is nothing except the sun, the moon ａｎｄ　all the stars. Scientists have always wanted to know more about the other worlds in the space. They have looked at them through telescopes ａｎｄ　in this way they have found out a great deal. The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth. An airplane cannot fly to the moon but there is a thing that can fly even when there is no air. This is rocket. I am sure that you are asking. "How does a rocket fly?" If you want to know, get a balloon ａｎｄ　then blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie up the neck of the balloon. Let go! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through neck of the ball off ａｎｄ　this pushes the balloon through the air. It does not need wings like an air plane. This is how a rocket works. It is not made of rubber like a balloon, of course. It is made of metal. The metal must not be heavy but it must be very strong. There is gas inside the rocket which is made very hot. When it rushes out of the end of the rocket, the rocket is pushed up into the air. Rockets can fly far out into space. Rockets with men inside them have already reached the moon. Several rockets, without men inside them, have been sent to other worlds much farther away. One day rockets may be able to go anywhere in the space. A rocket can fly to the moon because____. 【单选题】

A.it looks like a balloon.

B.it is much lighter than an airplane.

C.it doesn\'t have wings.

D.it works like an untied balloon.

正确答案:D

答案解析:文章第6段都在综述气球的飞行原理来解释火箭的工作原理，因此选D。

5、Shopping at Second - hａｎｄ　Clothing StoresWhen 33 year old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second hａｎｄ　clothing stores was just something he did- "like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget ａｎｄ　decided he could save a lot of money by shopping fｏｒclothes at thrift shops."Even new clothes are fairly disposable (用后即丢掉的) ａｎｄ　wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons fｏｒshopping fｏｒsecond - hａｎｄ　clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop fｏｒa crazy - looking shirt. ａｎｄ　some shop as a mean conserving energy ａｎｄ　helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世军) thrift shop, said that, fｏｒher, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment."When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars fｏｒa new coat when you can get another one fｏｒa lot less?"Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US- "some as big as department stores. All of the clothes are donated (捐赠), ａｎｄ　when they have a surplus (盈余), they\'ll have" stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes fｏｒonly 5 ｏｒ10 dollars.Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second - hａｎｄ　clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness."I\'d say that second - hａｎｄ　stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works fｏｒa pro - conservation organization, the center of a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场). They give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing fｏｒthose who can\'t afford to buy new ones ａｎｄ　generate (创造) income fｏｒcharities. They also provide a way fｏｒthe wealthy ａｎｄ　middle classes to shed (摆脱) the guilt fｏｒtheir level of consumption.The word "thrift" in paragraph I could be best replaced by ______.【单选题】

A.charity

B.one dollar

C.first class

D.two dollars

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真阅读文章，答案依据主要在文章第六段。本题不能靠查词典查单词意思来确定答案。第六段谈到旧货店的所有衣服均为捐赠所得，最后一段有谈到了旧货店所得的收入都捐赠给慈善机构，所以答案是A。