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2022年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、CancerCancer is agroupof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ortumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control ororder.Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, orexposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace orin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy (化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctormay use one method ora combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment forcancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient\'s tolerance forpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, ornerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved orreduced with prescription medicines orover-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Cancer patients may differ in their ____.【单选题】
A.prescription medicines
B.control ororder
C.tolerance forpain
D.various factors
E.normal genes
F.different genes side effects
正确答案:C
答案解析:根据题干线索词patient定位原文至第四段第二句“Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient\'s tolerance forpain”,由此推断,句中画线部分即为所需添加成分。C选项tolerance forpain属于原文复现,故为正确答案。
2、ExerciseWhether ornot exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those of middle age and beyond. Forthem moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe forone person of forty but folly foranother. The safe limitforexercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will ____ as sound advice foranyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should choose depends upon one\'s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do bet ter to limitthemselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.【单选题】
A.refer
B.regard
C.serve
D.treat
正确答案:C
答案解析:此题考查固定搭配。serve?as:当做,充当。故C为正确答案。
3、Cancer1. Cancer is agroupof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ortumor肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control ororder.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun, orexposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace orin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctormay use one method ora combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age and general health and other factors. Because treatment forcancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease and the patient\'s tolerance forpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, ornerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved orreduced with prescription medicines orover - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without ______.【单选题】
A.side effects
B.prescription medicines
C.control ororder
D.tolerance forpain
E.various factors
F.different genes
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要认真寻找答案依据。答案依据在文章第一段最后一句:Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control ororder.谈到恶性肿瘤的细胞是变异的,毫无秩序或无法控制地分裂,回来看选项,C项符合原文句意,是答案。
4、Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic orglass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自动售货机, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.In response to a campaign by Britain\'s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates 装货箱 fortransporting its fresh produce.But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. ____ In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid forreusable plastic and glass beverage bottles.【单选题】
A.If a product is over packaged, don\'t buy it.
B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic orglass container, you make a deposit.
C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.
D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.
E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) fortransporting its fresh produce.
F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题有一定难度。要认真阅读文章,理解好句意,判断出叙述逻辑,可使用排除法和代入法。本题的上句谈到了一个另外的例子,即在瑞典用不可循环利用的电池会被征税,那么可以推断既然征税,销售额肯定会受到影响,回来看选项,可以发现D项合适,把D项代入文中,符合上下文逻辑,是答案。
5、Happy Marriage, Happy HeartHappily married people have lower blood pressure than unhappily married people orsingles, a Brigham Young University study says.On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit forsingles orunhappily married people, according to the study."There seems to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It\'s not just being named that benefits health-what\'s really the most protective of health is having a happy marriage," study authorJulianne Holt Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.The study included 204 married and 99 ____ adults who wore portable blood - pressure monitors for24 hours. The monitors recorded blood pressure at random intervals and provided a total of about 72 readings."We wanted to capture participants\' blood pressure doing whatever they normally do in everyday life. Getting one ortwo readings in a clinic is not really representative of the fluctuations (波动) that occur throughout the day," Holt Lunstad said.Overall, happily married people scored four points lower on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood pressure among married people, especially those in happy marriages dropped more during sleep than in single people."Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at much greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," Holt Lunstad said.The study was published in the March 20 issue of the journal Annals (年刊) of Behavioral Medicine.The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than both happily married and single adults.Holt Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one another, such as eating a healthy diet and having regular doctorvisits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said. 【单选题】
A.young
B.old
C.single
D.experienced
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题难度不大,考查词义辨析,考查single的用法。前面提到了married(adults),中间是连词and,很明显,此处是指single( adults),即研究对象包括204名已婚和未婚的成年人,答案是C。
6、The truth is that he has just been fired.【单选题】
A.situation
B.condition
C.error
D.fact
正确答案:D
答案解析:truth和fact同义:事实、真相;situation:形势、局势;condition:条件、情况;error:错误、过失。
7、Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.【单选题】
A.polite
B.similar
C.usual
D.bad
正确答案:A
答案解析:她的父亲温文尔雅,是一个安静的人。本题难度不大,是送分题。graceful是“典雅的,文雅的”,和polite“礼貌的”意思相近,其他三项都是常用词,和答案意义差异大,干扰性不强
8、The IcemanOn a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or3 ,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton (骨架) was in perfect condition, except fora wound in the head, There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth hoots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder forarrows.Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. , he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story, A new kind of X - ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, orhe may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.What can be inferred from paragraph 2? ______【单选题】
A.The Iceman was killed while working.
B.The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
C.The Iceman lived a poorLife.
D.The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要较强的推断能力。通读文章第二段。第二段谈到,except fora wound in the head.他面朝下,除了头部的一个伤口,整个骨架的状况完好,据此可以推断回来看选项,找信息提示,答案是B。本题也可以先看选项,得到信息提示。
9、They say Ireland\'s the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live in for2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain\'s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom, family and community life".Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的) , picking up only 3.89 points."Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued, " the report said, "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact."Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life. "The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half the league at 60th.Job security is the least important measure of life quality.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
正确答案:C
答案解析:问题句说“职业稳定是衡量生活质量的最不重要的标准。“利用题干中出现的核心短语“Job security/职业稳定”和“life quality/生活质量”作为答案线索,同时关注题干中出现的修饰结构“the least important/最不重要的”,可以推断出这111个国家应该是参加“生活质量”排名的国家,当然这些国家所使用的标准也就是“衡量生活质量标准”,但是文章中并没有对“职业稳定”等这些衡量标准进行比较,没有说哪方面的因素最重要的/最不重要的衡量标准,判断这个问题句的说法为“没提到”
10、The Ideal HusbandScience now might be able to explain women\'s fascination with Brad Pitt\'s face and George Clooney\'s eyes. Women seem to judge potential mate by how masculine their features are, new research shows. Men with square jaws and well-defined brow ridges are seen as good short-term partners, while those with more feminine traits such as a rounder face and fuller lips are perceived as better long-term mates.In the study by Daniel Kruger at the US\'s University of Michigan, 854 subjects viewed a series of male head shots that had been digitally changed to exaggerate orminimize masculine traits. They then . answered questions about how they expected the men in the photos to behave.Most participants said that those with more masculine features were ____ to be risky, competitive, and more apt to fight, challenge bosses, cheat on spouses and put less effort into parenting. Those with more feminine faces were seen as good parents and husbands, hard workers and emotionally supportive mates.But, despite all the negative characteristics, when asked who they would choose fora short-term relationship, women selected the more masculine looking men. Brad and George, both chiseled jaws and well-defined brows, then would be good fora brief romance, not forsomething longer.The study was published in the December issue of the US journal Personal Relationships.Kruger said that from an evolutionary perspective, this makes sense. The key is testosterone, the hormone responsible forthe development of masculine facial features and other sexual characteristics. It has been found to affect the body\'s ability to fight disease: men with high levels of the hormone are typically strong and healthy- traits women want to pass on to their children.However, increased testosterone has also been linked to cheating and violence in relationships. So, these men might produce high quality offspring, but they don\'t always make great parents orfaithful mates, Kruger says.The scientific community have shown skepticism toward physiognomy, which links facial characteristics to certain behavioral traits. But Kruger argues that the research is a valuable tool forunderstanding mating strategies. And, of course, forexplaining why Tony Leung and Takeshi Kanesshiro have millions of female fans. It might have to do with their genes. orsomething to do with ours.【单选题】
A.likely
B.possible
C.probable
D.necessary
正确答案:A
答案解析:likely:可能的;possible:可能的;probable:可能的;necessary:必然的。合适的选项是likely。其他的选项填入后生成的都是错误的句子。
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