2021年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理历年真题5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Mary rarely speaks to Susan.【单选题】

A.slowly

B.seldom

C.weakly

D.constantly

正确答案:B

答案解析:玛丽很少和苏珊说话。本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不强。rarely和seldom都可指“很少地”，其他项和答案意义差异较大，最佳答案是B。

2、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe color red often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports or other kinds of materials, could one day contain a color - changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses or falls apart.The secret behind the color - changing material is a particular type of molecule (分子). A molecule is a group of atoms (原子) held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes and make up everything you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains and how they\'re held together.When a polymer (聚合物) containing a color - changing molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) is about to break, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" or weak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the color - changing polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging.There is a way to get rid of the red color light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red color disappears. Thus "self - healing" may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color - changer in big construction projects that will be outside, under sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warning system useless.Sottos and her fellow scientists still have _____ work to do before the color - changing molecules can be used outside the lab.【单选题】

A.a pair of

B.a type of

C.a lot of

D.a part of

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度不大，考查词义辨析。文章此处是说“Sottos和同事们还有很多工作要做”，答案是C。

3、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms _____ behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】

A.would

B.will

C.must

D.need

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查虚拟语气和时态一致的用法，干扰项有一定的干扰。根据上下文逻辑，文章此处是说“爱因斯坦的计算帮助Bose理论成立，即原子会象原来他设想的那样运行”，此处只是表示理论成立，而不等于是经过验证的科学事实，所以要用假设的语气，此外整个句子都是用的过去时态，因此答案是A。

4、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even ______ accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】

A.that

B.such

C.much

D.more

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查词义辨析，干扰项有一定的干扰。根据上下文逻辑，文章此处是说“……使世界原子钟更准确”，答案是D。

5、Shopping at Second - hand Clothing StoresWhen 33 year old Pete Barth was in college, shopping at second hand clothing stores was just something he did- "like changing the tires on his car." He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops."Even new clothes are fairly disposable (用后即丢掉的) and wear out after a couple of years," Barth said. "In thrift shops, you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes."Since then, Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second - hand clothing. Some people, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy - looking shirt. And some shop as a mean conserving energy and helping the environment.Pat Akins, an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army (SA) (救世军) thrift shop, said that, for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment."When my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling," Akins said. "Also, why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?"Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US- "some as big as department stores. All of the clothes are donated (捐赠), and when they have a surplus (盈余), they\'ll have" stuff a bag" specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.Julia Slocum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second - hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness."I\'d say that second - hand stores are the result of our wasteful, materialistic culture," said Slocum, who works for a pro - conservation organization, the center of a New American Dream. "Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场). They give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing for those who can\'t afford to buy new ones and generate (创造) income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed (摆脱) the guilt for their level of consumption.Which statement about Barth is NOT true? ______【单选题】

A.He is 33 years old now.

B.He works at a Goodwill thrift shop.

C.He works at a Salvation Army thrift shop.

D.He was a college student many years ago.

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题难度较大，需要认真阅读文章，做出判断。认真阅读文章前三段。第一段第一句谈到了作者大学期间经常逛二手服装店，第三段第一句话谈到了作者在Goodwill旧货店工作，可以推断A，B，D项正确，所以答案是C。