2021年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃ which occurred in Antarctica in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight or shade, Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar system . Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work not a discovery in this car.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble convincing Other scientists to believe so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize would behave as Bose thought but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time(d=vxt). With the long distances involved in space _____ to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】

A.travel

B.research

C.walk

D.station

正确答案:A

答案解析:从地球飞向其他星球的宇宙航程很长，计时越精确，测算宇宙飞行器的即时距离就越精确。本段讲的是精确计时对宇宙航行的重要性，所以选travel是正确的。本题不能选 walk，因为space walk是“太空行走”，指的是宇航员离开飞船在宇宙空间中活动，与space travel是两个不同的概念。

2、I\'m working with a guy from London.【单选题】

A.teacher

B.student

C.friend

D.man

正确答案:D

答案解析:我正和一个伦敦人一起工作。本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不强。guy和man都可指“人”，其他项和答案意义差异较大，最佳答案是D。

3、Geology and Heap(1)The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and health of plants, animals and people.(3)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.(4)Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning(5)In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject too risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.(6)There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to ____.【单选题】

A.industrially polluted soils

B.rock and soil chemistry

C.naturally polluted soils

D.the pathways of metals into the food chain

E.the element of iodine

F.the persistence of heavy metals

正确答案:F

答案解析:第4段涉及这一问题。受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而且重金属很稳定，不容易降解，所以要对重金属进行彻底的清除。

4、A Carrot a Day Keeps Cancer AwayAmong all the malignancies, lung cancer is the biggest killer: more than 100,000 Americans a year die of the disease. Giving up smoking is one of obvious way to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the kitchen. According to a new report, even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by a simple dietary measure: a daily portion of carrots, spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene.The finding, published in the British medical journal The Lancet, is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease. Since 1957 a team of American researchers has monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2,000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Richard Shelelle of Chicago\'s Rush-Presbyterian, St. Luke\'s Medical Center, the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects\' dietary patterns and cancer. Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer. The correlation seemed logical, since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial (上皮的) tissue that lines the airways of the lungs.Vegetables: But the earlier research did not distinguish between two different forms of the vitamin. "Preformed" vitamin A, known as retinol, is found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk, cheese, butter and eggs. But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene, which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and apples.In the Western Electric study, Shekelle and his colleagues found little correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing preformed vitamin A, but when they examined the data on carotene intake, they discovered a significant relationship. Among the488 men who had the lowest level of carotene consumption, there were fourteen cases of lung cancer, in a group of the same size that ate the most carotene, only two cases developed. The apparent protective effect of carotene held up even for longtime smokers but to a lesser degree.Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. In the meantime, researchers warn against taking large numbers of vitamin A pills, because the tablets contain a form of the chemical that can be extremely toxic in high doses. Instead, they advise a well-balance diet that includes foods rich in carotene. For a smoker, a half-cup of carrots every day might possibly make the difference between life and death.Why did Dr. Shelelle think the correlation between vitamin A and lung cancer protection was logical?【单选题】

A.Vitamin A causes lung cancer.

B.Vitamin A cures lung cancer.

C.Vitamin A is necessary for the growth of the tissue lining the lungs.

D.Vitamin A is a molecule that prevents smoke from being inhaled.

正确答案:C

答案解析:根据第2段最后一句，“这种关系符合逻辑，因为维生素A对于排列在肺部呼吸通道的上皮组织结构的生长是必不可少的”。

5、Gun Rights in the USImmediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn (致哀) the dead. The president and the state governer both hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to own weapons.Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country here gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted strict gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby (院外活动集团) and the electoral (选举) system.The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun ____ in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun control anyway. Over the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not both, they prefer power.According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm (火器) incidents accounted for nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many people don\'t want to give up their arms they keep to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said, "If one professor in the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon, they might have been able to stop all this. "In his opinion, the massacre (大屠杀) is an argument for more people to carry weapons, not fewer.Americans\' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of government, commented UK\'s Guardian newspaper.One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed (隐藏的) firearm, told the Guardian that it was every American\'s responsibility to have a gun."Each person," he said, "should not rely solely on the government for protection."【单选题】

A.fire

B.attacks

C.violence

D.rights

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，根据文章句意，此处是指“持枪权利”，gun rights，所以最佳答案是D。

6、Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well - known all around the world. Among them are New Year\'s Eve Celebrations. Also days are common in honor of love and friendship, like Valentine\'s Day. Each country has its own special holidays too, to mark important events in its history. Schools, banks, and government offices all close on days like these. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious. A few of them are really very strange.Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool\'s Day, for example. No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries－France, England, and Australia, etc. On this day, people play practical jokes. ____ The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part: they do it to girls they like.Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. Then begins the world\'s biggest food fight. For two hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king for three days.There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 9. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do, then you will want to mark March 26 on your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.【单选题】

A.They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king for three days.

B.Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.

C.That is supposed to be Toothache Day.

D.Then begins the world\'s biggest food fight.

E.Some people have fun imagining new holidays.

F.Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.

正确答案:F

答案解析:本题难度也不大，看完文章后，快速浏览选项。只有F项一开始就明确提到了jokes，把F代入到原文中，符合上下文逻辑，所以是答案。

7、Why People Use Pseudonyms (假名字)?You can\'t choose the name you are given at birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood. Of course, most people never change their names even if they feel unhappy about them. However some people do take this course of action－particularly artists! What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it\'s for purely ____ reasons, such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neftalf Reyes. He didn\'t want his father to know he was writing poetry, so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. At other times the reason may appear strange, take the case of the Portuguese poet Femando Pessoa, who wrote under 75 different names. The reason? "When I use a different name, I always write in a different way," he explained. In most cases, however , people change their names for social, historical, political, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most common: reason. The person\'s real name is just too long and difficult to remember. Let\'s be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as easy to remember as just plain Madonna. And short names are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.Sometimes names are changed for marketing purposes. For example, if a name sounds too foreign, it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a market. So in the film world, Ramon Estsvez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or maybe the artist\'s real name doesn\'t sound attractive－Chad Everett does sound a lot better than Raymond Cramton.Artists sometimes choose the name of someone they admire. Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas.Another reason may be practical: in the past, women found it very difficult to get published. To avoid this situation, they sometimes gave themselves men\'s names, so the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot, and she did get her books published!【单选题】

A.obvious

B.economic

C.own

D.personal

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定的难度，干扰项干扰较大，但比较起来，只有personal“个人的，私人的”最符合上下文逻辑，是最佳答案。

8、Money or Friendship or Both1. Friends and money don\'t mix. It\'s a dangerous combination since a fight over money is one of the fastest ways to end a friendship. But what if a friend asks you to tend him or her some money? If you don\'t lend your friend the money, you risk losing the friend. If you do lend your friend the money, you risk losing both the friendship and your money.2. We have to face facts, so here are some situations you might run across with your buddies (伙伴) and some helpful tips (忠告) on how to deal with them. Thinking about why this person needs to borrow in the first place. If he is always living beyond his means, it is his fault, not yours. Any Sensible person would not put himself in a position of debt so often. So simply say "no" to this friend. Even if your friend really needs that money for emergency use and you are willing to help him, before you dive into your pocket, follow this reality check: Do you have the extra money? Are you sure you don\'t need it? Are you willing to write off that amount if it\'s not returned? If your answers are negative, do yourself a favor and say "no".3. Let\'s assume you can\'t stand saying "no" to your friend because you don\'t want him living off cat food. What do you do? Write down these details on a sheet of paper before opening up your wallet:Amount of the loan.Date of the loan.Time of repayment.Amount of interest (if any).Lender\'s and borrower\'s signature.This will at least keep the borrower from forgetting the loan so easily, If your friend\'s loan is past due, it\'s important that you ask him－and it\'s actually not rude. The longer you wait, the more you are brood (忧伤), and the more your resentment builds.4. You can send him a friendly reminder via E - mail. Tell him something like "I\'m going over my bank account and I\'m just wondering when we\'ll be able to settle that money thing." E - mail saves you from an uncomfortable face - to - face confrontation. There is almost no chance of turning a bad reaction into an argument. Unlike a public conversation, an E - mail message will always be private.5. After asking two or three times, you might have to write it off. That\'s what happens. If he just doesn\'t have the money or is unwilling, then what kind of friend is that?Paragraph 3 ____【单选题】

A.Time to Break off a Friendship

B.Unconditional Assistance to Friends in Need

C.Things to Consider When You Have to Say "No" to Your Friend

D.Things to Think over When You Don\'t Want Your Friend to Eat Cat Food

E.Strategies for Borrowing Money

F.Advantages of E - mail in Handling Money Issues

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定的难度，主旨句似乎不好确认，但实际上可以把第三段的前三句概括成一句主旨句。第三段主要谈到如果你不能不跟朋友说“不”的话，在借他钱时考虑几件事情。回来看选项，D项Things to Think over When You Don\'t Want Your Friend to Eat Cat Food，就是对本段的概括，所以答案是D。

9、Preparations for InterviewThe first thing you have to prepare for a job interview is to write your resume. Most of all, the resume should emphasize all the related experience you have had. The resume should be clear and you should keep in mind that the person reading it will probably be reading many other resumes. The best thing you can do is to . make it obvious why you can do the job better than anybody else. Your resume should be neat and if possible , typed, the biggest advantage of a typed resume is that it is easy to read.Once you have organized your resume, check your closet. Special attention should be _____ to what you will wear for the interview. You don\'t want to be dressed up as if you were going to a party, but you also don\'t want to be over-dressed. You should consider setting your hair trimmed before the interview. Remember that neatness counts. You should be neat in your appearance as well as in resume.Finally, you must keep in mind that employers do not like people to smoke or chew gum during an interview. The basic reason for this may be that you appear too relaxed. Remember you are not visiting a friend; you are trying to get a job. If you follow all of the above advice, you have a good chance of getting the job you desire.【单选题】

A.drawn

B.spend

C.allowed

D.paid

正确答案:D

答案解析:pay attention to此处以被动语态形式出现。

10、The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.【单选题】

A.suffer

B.accept

C.. receive

D.support

正确答案:D

答案解析:题干大意：这冰不够厚，不足以承受坦克的重量。画线词bear（能承受）与选项support（能支撑）同义。suffer：遭受；accept：接受；receive：接受。accept表示主观上的接受；receive表示客观上的接受。故答案为D。