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2021年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理补全短文分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn\'t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation room.Under the right conditions, people\'s minds are susceptible to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grilling is enormous. ______ "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it\'s impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn\'t do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn\'t do. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems. The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich\'s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession. Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds."There\'s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results, "But adults are highly vulnerable too."Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."【单选题】
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."
C."It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn\'t do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
正确答案:C
答案解析:解答此题时要注意,空格后是一段引文,而空格前又没有引文,所以此空格处一定是引用了某人的话,因此答案只可能在B、C、D中。但D只是一句引用的话,并没有提及是谁说的,这不符常理,故排除。B虽然提到了Kassin,但没有对其身份进行说明,这也不符“第一次提到某人时要有说明”的习惯(实际上他出现在第五段),故排除B。因此只能选C,从内容上看也符合。
2、Why Would They Falsely Confess?Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn\'t seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation room.Under the right conditions, people\'s minds are susceptible to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grilling is enormous. "It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley. "The pressure is important to understand, because otherwise it\'s impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn\'t do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess."Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn\'t do. ______ The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.Redlich\'s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession. Of the 15-to 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds."There\'s no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, a psychology professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results, "But adults are highly vulnerable too."Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning-and still, most participants falsely confessed.Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."【单选题】
A.In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B."In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."
C."It\'s a little like somebody\'s working on them with a dental drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D."But adults are highly vulnerable too."
E.How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn\'t do?
F.Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
正确答案:A
答案解析:本段提到一个心理学家做了一个实验(a laboratory study),也提到了crashed the computers和the "alt" key,这些都和选项A对应了起来。这是补全文章的重要策略,即文章和选项的对应关系。
3、Looking to the FutureWhen a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a buttons." Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep." Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?". The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did. So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: Cities of the future would not be crowded but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to world in "airbuses" all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard off\'. Does that sound familiar? If the exert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was "The city of 1982". If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it\'s probably because future study is still a new field. Here is an example for future study. Economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. But there have been some big mistakes in this field, too. ______ In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant errors. In 1957, H. J. Rand of the Rand Corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain," he answered. " Children born today will have reached the age of 43."【单选题】
A.In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market.
B.Children born today will have reached the age of 43.
C.Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?"
D.So experts are regularly asked to predict accurately.
E.Scientists are 80 percent accurate in predicting the future.
F.The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard off\'.
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题前面是主题句:But there have been some big mistakes in this field,too。主题句后面的句子应该是扩展句,点出big mistakes的内容或举例说明big mistakes。选项A就是big nustakes的一个例子。本题后面的句子说许多股票大跌,投资者破产,证明了预测的错误。所以选项A是正确的。
4、Houses of FutureWhat will houses be like in thirty years\' time? No one really knows, but architects are trying to predict ______. Future houses will have to be flexible. In thirty years\' time even more of us will be working at home. So we will have to be able to use areas of the house for work for part of the day and for living for the rest. Families grow and change with children arriving, growing up and leaving home. The house ofthe future will have to grow and change with the familyF, nothing will be as fixed as it is now. The house will always be changing to meet changing needs. Everyone agrees that in thirty years\' time we will be living in "intelligent" houses. We will be able to talk to our kitchen machines and discuss with them what to do. Like this, "we\'ll be having a party this weekend. What food shall we cook?" And the machine will tell us what food we will have to buy and how to cook it. We will be able to leave most of the cooking to the machines, just tasting things from time to time to check. The house of the future will be personal-each house, you will be able to change the color ofthe wall easily, you won\'t have to paint them, you\'ll be able to tell the wall to change the color! And if you don\'t like the color the next day, you will be able to have a new one. The only thing you won\'t be able to do is moving the house somewhere else.【单选题】
A.you will be able to change the color ofthe wall easily
B.The only thing you won\'t be able to do is moving the house somewhere else
C.And the machine will tell us what food we will have to buy and how to cook it
D.what our home will be likeE
E.The house ofthe future will have to grow and change with the familyF
F.he kids might take their bedrooms with them as they have
正确答案:D
答案解析:意思是“我们未来的房子会是如何呢”,刚好与第1段第1句相对应。
5、AIDSAs a science writer, I don\'t have to wear emotional armor very often. Before I went to Zimbabwe for a visit, I had talked to other reporters who had spent time in Africa. All told me to get prepared for the orphans, many of whom had caught the AIDS virus from their mothers and the strong desire to make everything all right for them. Then again, nothing could have prepared me for the visit to creche(育婴堂) for AIDS orphans in Harare, where one sick, smiling four-year-old boy tried to keep up with the other kids playing ring-around-the-rosy but was so weak he kept falling to the floor, or meeting a 25-year-old unmarried girl who cared for her nephew ______ The boy who called his aunt "Mama" was too weak even to take the piece of banana I offered. Meanwhile photojournalist Karin Retief was visiting a room at the hospice (济贫院) where she had been told a particularly sweet orphan boy stayed. At first she did not see anyone on the bed and was about to say he must be elsewhere, when suddenly she spotted his tiny arm in the air, his body lost in the folds of the bedclothes. Recently Karin wrote to me that she had been able to keep our assignment from taking too great an emotional suffering at the time. " Only when I got back about a week later, could I moum the people I met", she continued. "I sat in church and wanted to ask the priest to pray for the people with AIDS in Zimbabwe and all over the world. Then all the people\'s faces, pain and suffering became so real, I could not get the words out. I broke down and cried and cried for them". 【单选题】
A.where she had been told a particularly sweet orphan boy stayed
B.who had spent time in Africa
C.Only when I got back about a week later
D.even though her only income was from growing and selling a few vegetables at the local market
E.was so weak he kept falling to the floor
F.while we were visiting the orphans
正确答案:D
答案解析:一个未婚女孩照顾她的侄子,尽管她的唯一收入来源是种菜,并在当地市场出售。符合语法要求,意思也完整。因此选D。
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