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2021年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、RobotsThe most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small .sample.The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume________.【单选题】
A.too much energy
B.based on American designs
C.they are too costly
D.they are not reliable
E.quality control
F.free of charge
正确答案:A
答案解析:首先根据语法知识,及物动词consume后加名词作宾语,排除选项B、C、D。consume作动词表示“消耗”,剩余选项中只有A选项“too much energy”可以与其搭配。此外,文章第四段It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job也表明:做同样的工作,机器人平均要消耗的能量是人类的100多倍。由此可以肯定A为正确答案。
2、Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.【单选题】
A.lived on
B.depended on
C.believed in
D.joined in
正确答案:B
答案解析:显然这些人在危机关头值得依靠。本题有一定难度,考查的是基本意义,C项的干扰最大,有些考生因受汉语思维影响而选了C,rely on和depend on都有“依靠”意思,是近义词,常用过去式,C项believe in指“相信”,和答案意义有差异,最佳答案是B。
3、Desirable Qualities in a TeacherHere I want to try to give you an answer to the question: What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probably no two people would draw up exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally accepted.First, the teacher\'s personality should be pleasantly live and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically plain, or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm. I would say that excludes all of dull or purely negative personality. I still stick to _____ I said in my earlier book: that school children probably suffer more from bores than from brutes.Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a great capacity for sympathy in the literal meaning of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant not indeed, of what is wrong, but of frailty (脆弱) and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a plaster saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths.【单选题】
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.those
正确答案:C
答案解析:what此处引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。
4、A Strong Greenhouse Gas1 Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmospheres, it absorbs beat radiating from Earth\'s surface. That\'s why methane is a major contributor to the planet\'s increasing temperature rise or global warming. Molecule for molecule, methane\'s heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide, the most abundant greenhouse gas.2 With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world (100 million in the U. S. alone), it\'s no surprise that menace released by livestock is one of the chief sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources: petroleum, drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wetlands.3 Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth\'s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen. And without greenhouse gases to trap the sun\'s heat and warm the planet, life as we know it couldn\'t exist. But in the last200 years, human activity that requires burning oil, natural gas, and coal for energy has magnified the greenhouse effect.4 Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame for this often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a major role, too. In the past 40 years alone, the global cattle population has doubled.5 Cows munch mostly grasses and hay yet they grow big and hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The rumen holds 160 liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and protozoa break down cellulose and Fiber into digestible nutrients. A cow couldn\'t live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, trey release methane. The process occurs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, for example), and it makes them very gassy. It\'s part of their normal digestion process. When they drew their cud, they regurgitate some food to rechew it, and all this gas comes out. The average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day.That\'s why we say livestock gas is also a major factor of causing the global warming.Paragraph 4 ____【单选题】
A.Life of Macroscopic Bacteria in Livestock\'s Rumen
B.Ways to Reduce Methane\'s Heat-trapping Power
C.Agriculture Also Contributes to Increased Concentrations of Methane in the Atmosphere
D.Why Livestock Releases Methane
E.Methane as a Strong Greenhouse Gas
F.Livestock as a Prime Factor of the Greenhouse Effect
正确答案:C
答案解析:本段表达的重点是用but转折的最后两句。
5、Britain\'s Solo SailorEllen MacArthur started sailing when she was eight, going out on sailing trips with her aunt. She loved it so much that she saved her money for three years to buy her first small sailing boat. When she was 18, she sailed alone around Britain and won the "Young Sailor of the Year" award.Ellen became famous in 2001. Aged only 24, she was one of the only two women who entered the Vendee Globe round the world solo race, which lasts 100 days. Despite of many problems, she came the second in the race out of 24 competitors and she was given a very warm welcome when she returned.Ambition and determination have always been a big part of Ellen\'s personality. When she was younger, she lived in a kind of hut (棚屋) for three years while she was trying to get sponsorship to compete in a transatlantic race. Then she took a one - way ticket to France, bought a tiny seven meter Class Mini yacht (游艇), slept under it while she was repairing it, and then she raced it 4,000 kilometres across the Atlantic in 1997, alone for 33 days.Ellen has to learn many things, because sailing single - handed means that she has to be her own captain, electrician, sailmaker, engineer, doctor, journalist, cameraman and cooker, She also has to be very fit, and because of the dangers of sleeping for long periods of time she\'s in the middle of the ocean, she has trained herself to sleep for about 20 minutes at a time.And she needs courage. Once, in the middle of the ocean, she had to climb the mast (桅杆) of a boat to repair the sails at four o\'clock in the morning, with 100 kph winds blowing around her. It took her many hours to make the repairs, Ellen says: "I was exhausted when came down. It\'s hard to describe how it feels to be up there. It\'s like trying to hold onto a big pole, which for me is just too big to get my arms around, with someone kicking you all the time and trying to shake you off".But in her diary, Ellen also describes moments which is worthwhile (值得的) :"A beautiful sunrise started the day, with black clouds slowly lit by the bright yellow sun. I have a very strong feeling of pleasure, being out here on the ocean and having the chance to live this. I just feel lucky to be here."Ellen lived in a kind of hut for three years ____.【单选题】
A.while she was learning how to repair sails
B.because she was ambitious for the coming race
C.while she was trying to get financial support for a race
D.because she was interested in country life
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题有一定难度,针对第三段出题,首先要定好位,其次要确定文章里sponsorship的意思。根据题干提示词汇迅速到文章定位。找到文章第三段。第三段第二句谈到,……she was trying to get sponsorship to compete in a transatlantic race,Ellen在一种棚屋里住了三年,正努力想获得进行横渡大西洋比赛的奖金,sponsorship指“奖金”,回来看选项,C是近义解释,答案是C。
6、Migrant (移民的) WorkersIn the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some countries have restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in workers from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction .Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. For example, the ______ living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.【单选题】
A.necessary
B.normal
C.difficult
D.good
正确答案:C
答案解析:第三段第一句是本段的主题句,意思是:有时候不利条件也会产生有利的因素。接着应是具体说明。空格所在句的大概意思是:当工人们不得不彼此依赖以寻求安全和心理安慰时,大家的友谊随之增深了。这是一种得到补偿的有利的东西,那么空格应填入的最合适的词显然是difficult(困难)。necessary:必需的;normal:正常的;good:好的。将这些选项填人后,句子前半部分表达的不是不利的因素,而是有利的因素,跟主题句不能构成连贯的语段。
7、The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, and extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than now.But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy (明暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands-as they usually didn\'t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, So they don\'t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲观的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together and don\'t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn\'t. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!Why is the outlook of marriage not as hopeless as it appears? ____【单选题】
A. Many people still like to get married.
B.The rate of divorce has actually decreased.
C.Over 60% of the marriages continue to exist.
D.The statistics of divorce is reliable.
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题难度也不大,正确答案正好是选项A,所以看到A的信息提示,然后马上回到原文验证,可以找到答案依据是文章第三段第二句后半部分:…so marriage is still quite popular.
8、Indian\'s NamesEach Indian was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one for himself. But his playmates would always give him a name of their own. No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen. Often it was not pleasing, such as Bow Legs or Bad Boy. But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off. If he could not earn a better one from a war later, he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs for the rest of his life.The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy. His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle. When he returned from the war, the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief. If he had done well, he would get a good name. Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf or Man-Afraid-of-a Horse. So an Indian\'s name told his record or described the kind of man he was.A man was given many chances to improve his name, however, if in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a better name. Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names, all good and each better than the last.An Indian\'s names belonged to him for the rest of his life. No one else could use them. Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe, not the family. So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so.Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticeable deed. I know of only three or four times when this happened. It is the rarest honor for a person -the honor of assuming his father\'s name.What was the greatest honor an Indian could earn?【单选题】
A.A victory in his first battle against the enemy.
B.A name given by the chief.
C.A ceremony to get his real name.
D.The right to use his father\'s name.
正确答案:D
答案解析:文章最后一句the rarest honor for a person就是承袭父亲的名字,因此选D。
9、Rodman met with Tony to try to settle the dispute over his contract.【单选题】
A.mark
B.involve
C.solve
D.avoid
正确答案:C
答案解析:题干大意:罗德曼与托尼会面尝试解决合同纠纷。句子中画线词的意思是“解决”。意思为“解决”的是选项C (solve)。avoid:避免;mark:做标记;involve:卷入,陷入。和involve有关的短语有involve in:卷入……;involve with:涉及,和……有关。
10、Status of Teachers in AmericaAt present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of the teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several year.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money, the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled(减少).Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People\'s attitudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.Which of the following is not a reason that influences women in their decision to become teachers?【单选题】
A.How much income the job can pay.
B.The changing status of women.
C.Less housework for women to do.
D.More professions opened up to women.
正确答案:C
答案解析:A选项可以在第2段中找到;B和D选项可以在第4段中找到,只有C选项没有提到。按照常理,选择当老师不可能是由于女人家务事少,因此选C。
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