2020年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Intellectual DisabilityPeople with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a community. Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn and function within society, and the identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment of a person\'s performance in a variety of tests. An individual\'s level of performance, as assessed, can change with time and circumstances. With skilled training and opportunity for development, people with intellectual disability have much greater potential for acquiring skills and for participation in community life than previously had been thought possible.In many western societies, five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning. All five may occur in either children, adolescent or adult, and show as mild, moderate, severe, profound or multiple intellectual disability.For the majority of intellectual disabilities, there is no identifiable cause but there are some causes that are well documented. They include: brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen—prolonged labor during childbirth; brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella (风疹), drug or diet-related problems; damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis(脑膜炎) or accident; hereditary defects in the genes; abnormal chromosome count resulting in, for example, Down Syndrome(唐氏综合症).Like everyone else, people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job, a satisfying place to live and a good social life. But they may need extra support to achieve these things. Good support services are based on the principle of normalization—which means enabling people to be part of the community like everyone else,With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities, there is a need to promote awareness of communication. Although many people may have little experience in talking with an intellectually disabled person, there are common guidelines that can simplify the interaction. Firstly, it is useful to remember that people with disabilities have feelings. Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to anyone else is also recommended. Being prepared to wait a little longer for replies during a conversation with an intellectually disabled person would undoubtedly benefit the exchange.Five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used to____.【单选题】

A.assess the degree of difficulty an individual has with learning

B.illnesses such as encephalitis or accident

C.they also have feelings

D.an assessment of a person\'s performance in a variety of tests

E.factors such as rubella, drug or diet-related problems

F.benefit the exchange

正确答案:A

答案解析:根据题干线索词Five categories定位原文至第二段第一句“five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning”，由此推断，句中画线部分即为所需添加成分。A选项属于原文复现，故为正确答案。

2、Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自动售货机, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.In response to a campaign by Britain\'s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates 装货箱 for transporting its fresh produce.But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. ____ In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles.【单选题】

A.If a product is over packaged, don\'t buy it.

B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit.

C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.

D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.

E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce.

F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度。要认真阅读文章，理解好句意，判断出叙述逻辑，可使用排除法和代入法。本题的上句谈到了一个另外的例子，即在瑞典用不可循环利用的电池会被征税，那么可以推断既然征税，销售额肯定会受到影响，回来看选项，可以发现D项合适，把D项代入文中，符合上下文逻辑，是答案。

3、The IcemanOn a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3 ,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.It was lying face downward. The skeleton (骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head, There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth hoots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮) and a holder for arrows.Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. , he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story, A new kind of X - ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.What can be inferred from paragraph 2? ______【单选题】

A.The Iceman was killed while working.

B.The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.

C.The Iceman lived a poor Life.

D.The Iceman was struck dead from behind.

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要较强的推断能力。通读文章第二段。第二段谈到，except for a wound in the head．他面朝下，除了头部的一个伤口，整个骨架的状况完好，据此可以推断回来看选项，找信息提示，答案是B。本题也可以先看选项，得到信息提示。

4、Would you please help me fix their watch?【单选题】

A.prepare

B.mend

C.clean

D.arrange

正确答案:B

答案解析:fix和mend都表示“修理、修补”；prepare：准备、预备；clean:打扫、清洁；arrange:安排、排列。

5、Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should Be Banned by LawWhen you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it\'s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2,000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don\'t the spectators who at tend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bullfighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a num ber of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of "the sporting spirit" is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally-admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but be cause positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned danger ous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.It can be inferred from the passage that the author\'s opinion of nowadays\' human beings is____.【单选题】

A.not very high

B.high

C.contemptuous

D.critical

正确答案:A

答案解析:推理题。第二段举出具体例子证明人的卑下和不文明。这似乎证明作者的观点应该是C项“蔑视的”。但在第三段谈及好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。故正确答案为A。

6、GypsiesWhen school was out, I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara and her friends had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us. Barbara said, "So now you\'re in the A class. " She sounded impressed. "What\'s the A class?" I asked. Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds. "Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didn\'t you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?" Of course I hadn\'t known. The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been in North Dakota, and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me. The subdividing for the first marking period had been done before I came to the school, and 1 had never, in the six weeks I\'d been there, talked to anyone long enough to find out about the A, B, and C classes.I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends. I didn\'t yet know that it was shameful and dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house.I didn\'t know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then!), and that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didn\'t occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting here and there like mists or winds. I didn\'t know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann\'s land ever to get out of the C class. I didn\'t know that school administrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers.I only knew that for two happy days I walked to school with Barbara and her friends, played hopscotch and jumped rope with them at class intervals, and was even invited into the house for some ginger ale ---- a strange drink I had never tasted before.Which of the following is not characteristic of Gypsies?【单选题】

A.Wandering around the world

B.Make ginger ale in their house.

C.Never plant something.

D.Had been foreigners wherever they go.

正确答案:C

答案解析:吉普赛人住帐篷，没什么房子，因而也不会在房子里做ginger ale。另外三项都是他们的生活特色。

7、 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing 1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. 2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep arid feeling refreshed after a night\'s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. 3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night\'s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that "it might be a good idea" for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. 4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep, for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. 5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall hack to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. 6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bad. "It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they\'ll spend a higher percentage of time awake," he said. One survey showed that people who habitually each night have a higher risk of dying____. 【单选题】

A.fall asleep again

B. become more energetic the following day

C.sleep less than 10 hours

D.confirm those serious consequences

E.suffer sleep problems

F.sleep more than 11 hours

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题答案的依据是第四段：one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.

8、GypsiesWhen school was out, I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara and her friends had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us. Barbara said, "So now you\'re in the A class. " She sounded impressed. "What\'s the A class?" I asked. Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds. "Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didn\'t you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?" Of course I hadn\'t known. The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been in North Dakota, and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me. The subdividing for the first marking period had been done before I came to the school, and 1 had never, in the six weeks I\'d been there, talked to anyone long enough to find out about the A, B, and C classes.I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends. I didn\'t yet know that it was shameful and dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house.I didn\'t know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then!), and that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didn\'t occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting here and there like mists or winds. I didn\'t know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann\'s land ever to get out of the C class. I didn\'t know that school administrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers.I only knew that for two happy days I walked to school with Barbara and her friends, played hopscotch and jumped rope with them at class intervals, and was even invited into the house for some ginger ale ---- a strange drink I had never tasted before.Immediately after the narrator was moved to the A class, what was the attitude of Barbara and Barbara\'s friends towards her?【单选题】

A.Dislike

B.Acceptance

C.Apology

D.Jealousy

正确答案:C

答案解析:答对题的关键是准确地理解这个题。这个题提问的焦点是：叙述者刚刚升入A班后( Immediately after…A class)，Barbara及其朋友对她是什么态度。仔细审视一下本题，我们就会得出这样一个结论： 在叙述者介入A班后，Barbara等起初是一种态度，而后，她们改变了这种态度。从原文第四段第三句我们了解到：叙述者与Barbara等在那个学校上学至少有六个星期了，只是不知道A、B、C班的分班基础。同时，在文章最后一段，我们了解到：叙述者与Barbara等至少共度了两天的快乐时光，如课间(at class intervals)一起玩，到她们家做客等。很明显，这两天说的是叙述者刚刚升入A班。

9、Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age. The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say. "We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said. The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75, "If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after for example, a heart attack, "Frisen said. That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts. A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said. With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing. " But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.In people in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes ____.【单选题】

A.are still functional

B.are reduced each year

C.are replaced each year

D.are damaged each year

正确答案:C

答案解析:第四段说，一个人20岁时，其每年被更替的心肌细胞为1%，随着年龄的增长，该更替率( turnover rate)不断下降，等到75岁时，只有0. 45%。

10、In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.【单选题】

A.reduces

B.changes

C.leaves

D.drops

正确答案:B

答案解析:在这个过程中，光能转化成热能。converts指“转变”，通常与to或者into搭配，和changes“变化”是近义词，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异较大，干扰性不强。