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第40篇 数字中的中国国民经济

中国经济发展出现了高增长、低通胀的新局面。国民经济继续快速增长，市场物价基本稳定。据统计，去年我国国内生产总值完成74，772亿元(9008.7亿美元)，比去年增长8.8%，其中，第一产业增长3.5%，第二产业增长10.8%，第三产业增长 8.2%。物价涨幅持续走低，全年商品零售价格总水平比去年上涨0.8%，居民销售价格上涨2.8%，涨幅分别比上年回落5.3和5.5个百分点。经济增长方式转变取得了进展，经济效益有所提高，每万元国内生产总值能源消耗比上年降低了5.2%。

China’s economic development has entered a new stage which is characteristically one of high growth and low inflation. The national economy continues to grow rapidly and market prices remain basically stable. Statistics for the last year show that China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 7,477.2 billion yuan (US$900.87 billion), an increase of 8.8 percent over the previous year, among which primary industry grew by 3.5%, secondary industry 10.8%, and tertiary industry 8.2%. The margin of price rise continued to fall. Retail prices rose by 0.8 percent, representing a drop of 5.3 percentage points compared to the year before, and consumer prices rose by 2.8 percent, 5.5 percentage points less than that of the previous year. Progress has been made in shifting the mode of economic growth. Economic efficiency improved, with the energy consumed for each 10,000 yuan of GDP decreasing by 5.2 percent compared to the level of the year before.

农业继续增长。在北方大面积干旱的情况下，全国粮食产量仍达到49，250万吨。国家粮食库存达到历史最高水平。棉花产量430万吨。肉类和水产品总产量分别为5，354万吨和3，561万吨。畜牧和水产养殖业已成为农村经济的增长点和农民增加收入的重要来源。乡镇企业增加值达到18，000亿元(2，168.7亿美元)。

Agriculture was further strengthened. Despite droughts in a large part of north China, grain output reached 492.5 million tons. The stage grain reserves hit a record high. Cotton output was 4.3 million tons. The total output of meat came to 53.54 million tons and aquatic products to 35.61 million tons. Animal husbandry and aquaculture have become significant points for rural economic growth and a major source of the increase in farmers’ income. The added value of township enterprises reached 1,800 billion yuan (US$216.87 billion).

基础工业和基础设施继续发展。一级能源生产达到13.4亿吨标准煤。新增发电机容量1，376万千瓦，电力供应基本满足生产和生活的需要。新建铁路交付营运里程896公里，电气化铁路1，916公里，复线551公里。新增公路里程35，000公里，其中高速公路1，313公里;公路旅客周转量达到5，118亿人公里，大幅度超过了铁路的周转量。邮电通信是基础设施中增长最快、变化最大的领域：新增长途光缆27，000皮长公里，数字微波干线14，400公里，电话交换机容量1，961万门;移动通讯已成为世界上覆盖范围最广的移动电话网之一，用户达到1，323万。

Basic industries and infrastructure continued to develop. National primary energy production reached 1.34 billion tons of standard coal. Power-generating capacity increased by 13.78 million kw, and the power supply basically met production needs and household use. Newly built railways open to traffic totaled 896km, electrified railways, 1,916 km, and double-track railways, 551km. A total of 35,000 km of new roads were added, including 1,313 km of expressways. The passenger transport of highways was 511.8 billion passenger-km. The post and telecommunications sector registered the most rapid development. The total length of long-distance optical cable installed increased by 27,000 sheath km, that of digital micro-wave links by 14,400 km, and the number of telephone lines by 19.61 million. The mobile telephone network in China, having 13,23 million subscribers, has become one of the largest in the world in terms of its coverage.

全国财政收入(不含债务收入)完成8，642亿元(1， 041.2亿美元)，比上年增长16.7%;财政支出(不含债务支出)9，197亿元(1，108亿美元)，增长15.9%;支大于收555亿元(66.9亿美元)，其中中央财政赤字560亿元(67.5亿美元)，控制在预算目标之内。中央财政债务收入2，447亿元(298.4亿美元)，完成预算的99.6%。货币供应量增长17.3%。全年现金投放1，376亿元(165.8亿美元)，超过计划控制目标176亿元(21.2亿美元)/全部金融机构存款增加12，940亿元(1，559亿美元)，增长18.6%;贷款增加10，703亿元(1，289.5亿美元)，增长16.7%。适时下调贷款利率，减轻了企业负担。国家外汇储备达到历史最高水平，年末为1，399亿美元，比年初增加349亿美元。

The country’s financial revenue (excluding liability revenue) totaled 864.2 billion yuan (US$ 104.12 billion), up 16.7 percent on the previous year, and financial expenditure (excluding liability expenditure) reached 919.7 billion yuan (US$110.8 billion), up 15.9 percent, with the latter exceeding the former by 55.5 billion yuan (US$6.69 billion). The deficit of the state treasure stood at 56 billion yuan (US$6.75 billion), which was within the budgeted goal. The state treasury’s liability revenue was 247.7 billion yuan (US$29.84 billion), fulfilling the budgeted goal by 99.6 percent. Currency supply increased by 17.3 percent. A total of 137.6 billion yuan (US$16.58 billion), was issued throughout the year, exceeding the controlled plan by 17.6 billion yuan (US$2.12 billion). The total savings deposits in all financial institutions increased by 1,294 billion yuan (US$155.9 billion), a rise of 18.6 percent over the previous year, and loans rose by 1,070.3 billion yuan (US$128.95 billion), up 16.7 percent. The interest rate on loans was lowered in due course, helping reduce the burden on enterprises. China’s foreign exchange reserve reached US$139.9 billion at the end of last year, a record high and an increase of US$34.9 billion over the figure at the beginning of the year.

对外贸易增长较快，利用外资的质量得到提高。去年中国队外贸易跃居世界第10位。全年进出口总额3，251亿美元，比上年增长12.1%，顺差403亿美元：其中吸收外商直接投资453亿美元，借用国外贷款120亿美元，运用境外发行股票等方式利用外资67亿美元。境外实际投资18.3亿美元，对弥补国内资源不足和带动出口发挥了一定作用。

Fairly rapid growth was registered in foreign trade, and foreign capital utilization improved in quality. Last year, China rose as the world’s 10th largest country in foreign trade. Imports and exports totaled US$325.1 billion, an increase of 12.1 percent over the previous year, with a trade surplus of US$40.3 billion. Exports accounted for US$182.7 billion, rising by 20.9 percent. A total of US$64 billion of foreign investment and US$12 billion of foreign loans, and US$6.7 billion was gained through issuing stocks overseas. China invested US$1.83 billion abroad, playing a certain role in making up for the shortage of domestic resources and in promoting export.

人民生活继续得到改善。全社会消费品零售总额达到26，843亿元(3，234亿美元)，实际增长10.2%。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农民人均纯收入分别实际增长 3.4%和4.6%。全年城镇新就业700万人，下岗人员再就业245万人，城镇登记失业率3.1%。人口自然增长率为10.06%。

The people’s living standards continued to improve. Retail sales of consumer goods in the country totaled 2,684 billion yuan (US$323.4 billion), representing an actual increase of 10.2 percent. The per-capita disposable income of city dwellers rose by 3.4 percent, and the per-capita net income of rural residents by 4.6 percent. Last year, 7 million people in cities and towns found their first jobs, and 2.45 million laid-off workers were re-employed, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was 3.1 percent. The natural population growth rate was 10.06 per thousand.

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