2025年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Early childhood educationIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement ａｎｄ　economic success, fｏｒpossible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find in most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese ａｎｄ　210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, ａｎｄ　parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children fｏｒsuccessful careers in first grade ａｎｄ　beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, ａｎｄ　mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, ａｎｄ　the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese ａｎｄ　American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with aｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listedｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of theｇｒｏｕｐseen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training ｏｒpotential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary ａｎｄ　secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children\'s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools ａｎｄ　universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out fｏｒthe heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to ____.【单选题】

A.problem solving

B.group experience

C.parental guidance

D.individually-oriented development

正确答案:B

答案解析:这道题从第二段的第二句可以直接选出答案B。

2、GypsiesWhen school was out, I hurried to find my sister ａｎｄ　get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara ａｎｄ　her friends had beaten us to the playground entrance ａｎｄ　they seemed to be waiting fｏｒus. Barbara said, "So now you\'re in the A class. " She sounded impressed. "What\'s the A class?" I asked. Everybody made superiｏｒyet faintly envious giggling sounds. "Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didn\'t you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?" Of course I hadn\'t known. The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than my whole school which had been in North Dakota, ａｎｄ　the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me. The subdividing fｏｒthe first marking period had been done before I came to the school, ａｎｄ　1 had never, in the six weeks I\'d been there, talked to anyone long enough to find out about the A, B, ａｎｄ　C classes.I still could not understａｎｄ　why that had made such a difference to Barbara ａｎｄ　her friends. I didn\'t yet know that it was shameful ａｎｄ　dirty to be a transient laborer ａｎｄ　ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house.I didn\'t know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then!), ａｎｄ　that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didn\'t occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting here ａｎｄ　there like mists ｏｒwinds. I didn\'t know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumann\'s lａｎｄ　ever to get out of the C class. I didn\'t know that school administrators ａｎｄ　civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers.I only knew that fｏｒtwo happy days I walked to school with Barbara ａｎｄ　her friends, played hopscotch ａｎｄ　jumped rope with them at class intervals, ａｎｄ　was even invited into the house fｏｒsome ginger ale --－－a strange drink I had never tasted before.The tone of this passage as a whole is ____.【单选题】

A.reflective

B.enthusiastic

C.impersonal

D.defensive

正确答案:A

答案解析:reflective在此意为： 回顾的。在这个问题中tone： 语气、心情。纵观全文，我们可以看出，叙述者是在回忆她童年时发生的一件事（第一、二、三、四段）及这件事的发生所给她带来的感受（第四、五段）。impersonal：不涉及个人情感的、客观的；defensive：辩护的、申辩的。这里并非是作者因受到指责而为自己辩护，本文主要谈的是人与人之间的歧视给作者当时幼小心灵带来的困惑。

3、 Happiness If your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money can\'t buy you happiness anyway. In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse relation to happiness: Theｇｒｏｕｐwhose income had declined was happier overall than theｇｒｏｕｐwhose income had increased. A soon-to-be published review of the hundreds of studies on this subject supports the 1993 findings. In developed countries, the correlation between income ａｎｄ　happiness is close to zero ａｎｄ　sometimes negative. With a correlation between level of income ａｎｄ　happiness somewhere between 0.12 ａｎｄ　0.18, the United States is near the bottom of the list; that factors other than income are overwhelmingly more important in explaining happiness. Also, as our material wealth increases, the gap between income ａｎｄ　satisfaction with life seems to be widening. Predictably, money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person has achieved a minimal standard of living level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness. Close relationship, rather than money, is the key to happiness. Indeed, the number of one\'s personal friends is a much better indicatｏｒof overall satisfaction with life than personal wealth. One stands a better chance of achieving a satisfying life by spending time with friends ａｎｄ　family than by striving fｏｒhigher income. Incidentally, in the US, as people become richer, the probability of divorce increases. Our need fｏｒcompanionship is partly biological. All primates respond with pleasure to demonstrations of affection ａｎｄ　with pain to loss of companionship. Isolated monkeys will sacrifice food just fｏｒthe glimpses of another monkey. By ignoring our biologically programmed need fｏｒeach other, we risk physical ａｎｄ　mental distress. A recent cross-national study of mental depression in the US found that in advanced countries, there is a rising tide of majｏｒdepression. Teenage suicides have increased in recent decades in almost all advanced countries. Moreover, in the US since World War Ⅱ, there has been an actual decline in the proportion of people who report themselves to be "very unhappy. " You can easily test the claim that companionship exceeds wealth as a source of happiness. Ask yourself which has a greater influence on your satisfaction with life: your income ｏｒthe affection of your intimate companions ａｎｄ　the well-being of your children? Conversely, which would make you more depressed: a reduction in salary ｏｒa divorce ａｎｄ　isolation from your friends? Capitalism succeeds in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies ａｎｄ　protecting family integrity. But developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. Fｏｒpoorer countries, the time is not yet ripe fｏｒa shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship. Can we afford to believe that the pursuit of material gain will lead to self-fulfillment? We should continue to enjoy our wealth in good company, ｏｒelse we may find that it is not satisfying. According to the 3rd paragraph, which of the following is true in developed countries? 【单选题】

A.The more money one has, the unhappier he becomes.

B.Income ａｎｄ　happiness are closely related.

C.The richer one is, the happier he is.

D.More money does not necessarily make one happy.

正确答案:D

答案解析:从语意上看A和C都太绝对，因此肯定不是答案；根据文章开头的句子判断D很可能是答案。而实际上第3段中只有一句话：In developed countries，the correlation between income ａｎｄ　happiness is close to zero ａｎｄ　sometimes negative. 该句说“在发达国家里，收入和快乐之间的关系接近零，而有时候还成为了负数”，因此否定了B（收入和快乐相关），所以答案是D。

4、College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls(晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.They had 824 undergraduate(大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that in cluded questions about sleep habits ａｎｄ　daytime functioning, ａｎｄ　found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages(GPAs) than those who are night people."The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep," study co - authｏｒDaniet J. Taylｏｒsaid in a prepared statement."Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types," Taylｏｒsaid.The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional (专业的) Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Colorado researchers found a significant association between insomnia (失眠) ａｎｄ　a decline in college students\' academic performance.The study included 64 psychology, nursing ａｎｄ　medical students, average age 27. 4 years, who were divided into two groups—low GPAs ａｎｄ　high GPAs.Among those with low GPAs,69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks ｏｒtwitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night ａｎｄ　having trouble falling back to sleep, ａｎｄ　72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day."In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom," study authｏｒDr. James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. "This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student\'s academic performance, including GPAs."In the second study, students with low GPAs did NOT complain of ______.【单选题】

A.having trouble falling asleep

B.waking at night ａｎｄ　having trouble falling back to sleep

C.having difficulty concentrating during the day

D.being kicked in the leg at night

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题难度不大，答案依据比较明显，答案依据是文章倒数第二段，本段谈到了成绩较低的学生中有53. 1%的人晚上会踢腿或痉挛，但没有提到腿被踢，答案是D。

5、The Only Way Is Up Think of a modem city ａｎｄ　the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don\'t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. When people gather together in cities, they create a demａｎｄ　fｏｒlａｎｄ　since cities are places where money is made, that demａｎｄ　can be met. ａｎｄ　the best way to make money out of city lａｎｄ　is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground that means building upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough fｏｒpeople on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, ｏｒhome. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift ｏｒelevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine ａｎｄ　develop the elevatｏｒbrake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects ａｎｄ　builders. A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists ａｎｄ　others who study human behaviｏｒfind lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. "It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us ａｎｄ　you just can\'t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stａｎｄ　close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try ａｎｄ　shrink into the background but some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stａｎｄ　in a comer taking notes. Don\'t worry about them. They are probably from a university.The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in____.【单选题】

A.the shortage of money

B.the lack of a device to carry people upward

C.backward technology

D.mountains taking up lａｎｄ　space

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题答案的依据在第三段。文中说早在19世纪建造高楼的技术已经存在，限制楼高的因素只有一个，那就是人们下班回家后不想象爬山那样去爬楼梯，说明当时还没有找到把人往高处送的办法。