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2024年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、Seeing Red Means Danger AheadThe colorred often means danger and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. In the future, the colorred also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports orother kinds of materials could one day contain a colorswitching material. It will turn red before a structure collapses orfalls apart. The secret ______ the colorswitching material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is agroupof atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come at all shapes and sizes, and make up everything. You can see, touch orfeel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how they\'re held together. When a polymer (聚合物) containing a colorswitching molecule called a mechanophore (机械响应性聚合物) which is about to break, it produce a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" orweak, one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It\'s a really simple detection method. "says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. Sottos and her team tested the colorswitching polymers in their lab. The test results proved encouraging. There is a way to get rid of the colorlight when a bright light is shone on the mechanophore. The broken bond is fixed and the red colordisappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem forengineers. They need to use the colorchanger in big construction projects that will be outside in sunlight. and sunlight will make the mechanophore\'s warming system useless. Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorswitching molecules can be used outside the lab. 【单选题】
A.on
B.behind
C.under
D.down
正确答案:B
答案解析:习惯用法,secret behind指什么东西背后的秘密;under也有底下的意思,但更多是强调地理空间上的;用于抽象事物,多用behind。
2、While we don\'t agree, we continue to be friends.【单选题】
A.Whoever
B.Where
C.Although
D.Whatever
正确答案:C
答案解析:题干大意:虽然我们意见不同,但是我们仍然是朋友。画线词while引起的是一个让步从句,所起的作用是跟although一样的。whoever:无论任何人。where:哪里。如:Where are you from? 你从哪里来?whatever:无论什么。
3、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which occurred in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight orshade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science forwell, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fortheir work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space ______, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】
A.station
B.craft
C.travel
D.age
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题有一定难度,考查词义辨析,干扰项有一定的干扰。根据上下文逻辑,文章此处是说“因为宇宙旅行涉及超长距离,所以我们需要对时间尽最大精确地把握以便精确掌握距离”,答案是C。
4、A Bad IdeaThink you can walk, drive, take phone calls, e - mail and listen to music at the same time 7 Well, New York\'s new law says you can\'t. and you\'ll be fined $ 100 if you do so on a New York city street. The law went into force last month, following research and a shocking number of accidents that involved people using electronic gadgets (小巧机械) when crossing the street.Who\'s to blame? Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited. "We are under the impression that our brain can do more than it often can," says Rene Marois, a neuroscientist (神经科学家) in Tennessee. "But a core limitation is the inability to concentrate on two things at once."The young people are often considered the great multitaskers. However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question. Agroupof 18 to 21 years old and agroupof 35 to 39 years old were given 90 seconds to translate images into numbers, using a simple code. _____. But when both groups were interrupted by a phone call oran instant message, the oldergroupmatched the youngergroupin speed and accuracy.It is difficult to measure the productivity lost by multitaskers. Jonathan Spira, chief analyst at Basex, a business - research firm, estimates that the cost of interruptions to the American economy is nearly $ 650 billion a year. The estimate is based on surveys with office workers. The surveys conclude that 28 percent of the workers\' time was spent on interruptions and recovery time before they returned to their main tasks.【单选题】
A.Talking on a cell phone while driving brings you joy anyway.
B.The estimate is based on surveys with office workers.
C.The youngergroupdid 10 percent better when not interrupted.
D.However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question.
E.Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited.
F.and you\'ll be fined $ 100 if you do so on a New York city street.
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题有一定的难度,需要认真阅读文章,理解好句意。可用排除法和代入法。上文谈到了在没有干扰的情况下,年轻人和年纪大的没有多少差别,下文又转入转折内容,所以可以推断此处应该表达年轻组会做的更好,回来看选项,把C代入文中,符合逻辑,答案是C。
5、Easy ListeningStudents should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they\'ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are one year old, they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like "oo"; another like "ee" and the third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG (脑电图) recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, where the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. Onegroupwas exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to the other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who\'d heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesn\'t know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don\'t "turn off" their cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) while they sleep: The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. If an adult wants to learn a language faster, he can put a language tape under his pillow. 【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:B
答案解析:这个命题是错误的。文章最后一段有“The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups”,这些话都是对本题的否定。
6、Cell Phones1. Believe it ornot, cell phones have been around forover a quarter of a century. The first commercial cell phone system was developed by the Japanese in 1979, but cell phones have changed a lot since that time. The early cell phones were big and heavy but they have developed into small and light palm sized models. There are huge developments in their functions, too. We have had call forwarding, text messaging, answering services and hands - free use foryears, but now there are new facilities, such as instant access to the Internet and receiving and sending photos.2. Cell phones have become very common in our lives. Recent statistics suggest one in three people on the planet now have cell phone, and most of them say they couldn\'t live without one, Cell phones are used in every area of our lives and have become a necessary tool, used foressential arrangements, social contact and business. It easier to call forhelp on the highway. It possible to keep in touch with people "on the move" when people are traveling.3. Cell phones have made communication easier and have reduced the need forfamily arguments f We can use cell phones to let our family know we\'ll be late orif there\'s a sudden change of plan oran emergency. Cell phones have eased the worries of millions of parents when their teenagers are out late. They can now contact their children at any time.4. This does not mean that cell phones are all good news. Cell phones have brought with them a number of new headaches fortheir owners. It costs a lot to replace stolen phones, It is becoming a frequent occurrence, and have you ever seen such a huge phone bills? More serious, however, Cell phones bring the potential health problem. There are fears that radiation from the phones may cause brain tumor肿瘤). This may be a time bomb waiting to happen to younger people who have grown up with cell phones. They simply can\'t live without cell phones!Cell phones are common in our lives and have become ______.【单选题】
A.a necessity
B.an emergency
C.a number of new headaches
D.family arguments
E.big and light palm - sized models
F.countless new facilities
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题难度不大,虽然答案依据不太明显,但第二段的主旨句可以看做是答案依据,通读第二段,可以判断出手机已成一个必需的工具,所以答案是A。
7、Singing Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit. Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home forblind people in Sommersetand a resource centre forthe blind in Columbia. ______ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from. Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. "It\'s a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio," she says. "Its life-saving potential is great."She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the doorwithout a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one. Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms basedon the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles. The alarms will also include rising orfalling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up ordown stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels. 【单选题】
A.Alarms
B.Alarm
C.The alarm
D.The alarms
正确答案:D
答案解析:我们知道该空的名词应出现在前文,上一句就提到“Sound Alert,is installing the alarms in a residential home…”,所以这里所要填的词也应该是the alarms。
8、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was - 91℃, which _____ in Antarctica (南极洲) in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space.Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to - 120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight orshade. Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science forwell, de signed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our areal of the solar system. Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about - 210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is - 273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fortheir work, not a discovery, in this case.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about special light particles we now call photons (光子). Bose had trouble convincing other scientists to believe his theory, so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize that atoms would behave as Bose thought—but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra - cold(超冷) atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time 4 ( d = v×t). With the long distances involved in space travel, we need to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】
A.operated
B.occurred
C.opened
D.offered
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题有一定难度,考查词义辨析,但干扰项干扰不大。可以先看选项得到信息提示。文章此处是说“……发生在1983年的南极洲”,显然,答案是B。
9、Animal\'s "Sixth Sense"A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa, Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a "sixth sense" fordisasters, experts said.Sri Lankan Wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island\'s coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found."No elephants are dead, not ______ a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening" H. D. Ratnayake, deputy directorof Sri Lanka\'s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka\'s biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards."There has been a lot of scientific evidence about dogs barking orbirds migrating before volcanic eruptions orearthquakes. But it has not been proven," said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviorassistant at Johannesburg Zoo. "There have been no specialist studies because you can\'t really test it in a lab orfield setting," he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessmetn."Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenmenon, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters," said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell orhearing to avoid danger such as predators. The notion of an animal "sixth sense" -orsome other mythical power-is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka\'s ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers orattributes.【单选题】
A.such
B.too
C.so
D.even
正确答案:D
答案解析:从上下文判断,本句的意思应该是:没有大象死亡,甚至连一只兔子也没有死亡。“甚至”的英语是even。
10、I\'m working with a guy from London.【单选题】
A.teacher
B.student
C.friend
D.man
正确答案:D
答案解析:我正和一个伦敦人一起工作。本题难度不大,干扰项干扰不强。guy和man都可指“人”,其他项和答案意义差异较大,最佳答案是D。
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