2024年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理概括大意与完成句子分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Waste Not, Want Not1 Bob ａｎｄ　Clara Darlington, who own ａｎｄ　run a farm in the North of England, have always looked fｏｒnew ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their SUCCESS began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come ａｎｄ　buy fresh vegetables directly from them.2 The business was an immediate SUCCESS, ａｎｄ　soon scored top marks in a competition ｓｅｔup by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country. The Association\'s inspectors found the Darling tons\' shop offered excellent service ａｎｄ　value fｏｒmoney as well as quality fruit ａｎｄ　vegetable.3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods ａｎｄ　other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being fｏｒsale in the shop.4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive, ａｎｄ　she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this ａｎｄ　buy it. "I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in fｏｒa loaf of bread, ｏｒtake a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family ａｎｄ　friends ａｎｄ　get away with pretending they made it themselves. "5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen ｏｒdamaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable fｏｒselling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop ａｎｄ　Clara now produce different varieties. She spent much of the summer traveling up ａｎｄ　down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.Paragraph 3____【单选题】

A.Time well spent is rewarded

B.Professional recognition is obtained

C.A necessary alternative to farming

D.Professional skills are exploited

E.Continuing investment in high standards

F.Ensuring that nothing gets wasted

正确答案:B

答案解析:该段讲到因为参与农场商店的竞赛而得到国家农场协会的认可，于是克拉拉除了自家农场种的食物和本地出产的农产品外，还开设了一家小咖啡馆顺便出售自己的农产品，农场的经营越来越专业，并得到行业的认可。

2、Waste Not, Want Not1 Bob ａｎｄ　Clara Darlington, who own ａｎｄ　run a farm in the North of England, have always looked fｏｒnew ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their SUCCESS began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come ａｎｄ　buy fresh vegetables directly from them.2 The business was an immediate SUCCESS, ａｎｄ　soon scored top marks in a competition ｓｅｔup by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country. The Association\'s inspectors found the Darling tons\' shop offered excellent service ａｎｄ　value fｏｒmoney as well as quality fruit ａｎｄ　vegetable.3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods ａｎｄ　other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being fｏｒsale in the shop.4 Clara admits that starting the business was expensive, ａｎｄ　she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this ａｎｄ　buy it. "I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in fｏｒa loaf of bread, ｏｒtake a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family ａｎｄ　friends ａｎｄ　get away with pretending they made it themselves. "5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen ｏｒdamaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable fｏｒselling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop ａｎｄ　Clara now produce different varieties. She spent much of the summer traveling up ａｎｄ　down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.Apart from quality fruit ａｎｄ　vegetables, the couple ____.【单选题】

A.sell fresh vegetables

B.sell as much as possible

C.offer a variety of prepared meals

D.turn them into soup

E.fill a gap in the market

F.promote her soups

正确答案:C

答案解析:第2段第1句提供了答案。

3、Cancer1. Cancer is aｇｒｏｕｐof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow ａｎｄ　divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, ａｎｄ　old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ｏｒtumｏｒ肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal ａｎｄ　divide without control ｏｒorder.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth ａｎｄ　death of cells. Certain lifestyle ａｎｄ　environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun, ｏｒexposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace ｏｒin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, ａｎｄ　biological therapy. The doctｏｒmay use one method ｏｒa combination of methods, depending on the type ａｎｄ　location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age ａｎｄ　general health ａｎｄ　other factors. Because treatment fｏｒcancer can also damage healthy cells ａｎｄ　tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients ａｎｄ　doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells ａｎｄ　the risks of possible side effects.4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease ａｎｄ　the patient\'s tolerance fｏｒpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows ａｎｄ　presses against bones, organs, ｏｒnerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved ｏｒreduced with prescription medicines ｏｒover - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without ______.【单选题】

A.side effects

B.prescription medicines

C.control ｏｒorder

D.tolerance fｏｒpain

E.various factors

F.different genes

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真寻找答案依据。答案依据在文章第一段最后一句：Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal ａｎｄ　divide without control ｏｒorder.谈到恶性肿瘤的细胞是变异的，毫无秩序或无法控制地分裂，回来看选项，C项符合原文句意，是答案。

4、Blasts from the Past1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease.2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions ａｎｄ　mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" fｏｒthese volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size fｏｒsize, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.4 The Permian extinction, fｏｒexample, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, ａｎｄ　it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover.5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity ａｎｄ　global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up ａｎｄ　exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere.7 Vincent Courtillot, directｏｒof the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall\'s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. ａｎｄ　it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted fｏｒthousands ｏｒmillions of years.8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, ａｎｄ　that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide ｏｒsulphur dioxide emissions.Older eruptions were more devastating____.【单选题】

A.than more recent ones

B.the killing efficiency fｏｒolder eruptions

C.has remained controversial

D.Wignall\'s calculations as acceptable

E.has been mown to us all

F.his ideas

正确答案:A

答案解析:more recent ones较后来的火山爆发。填入后生成的句子不仅在语法上是正确的并且跟文章第一句话的意思差不多。

5、 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing 1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. 2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 ｏｒ10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling ａｎｄ　staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep arid feeling refreshed after a night\'s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. 3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night\'s rest may not need to ｓｅｔaside more than 8 hours a night. He added that "it might be a good idea" fｏｒpeople who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. 4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep, fｏｒinstance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. 5 Fｏｒthe current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week ａｎｄ　whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning ａｎｄ　being unable to fall hack to sleep, ａｎｄ　having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. 6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 ａｎｄ　10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bad. "It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they\'ll spend a higher percentage of time awake," he said. Paragraph 5____ 【单选题】

A. Kripke\'s Research Tool

B.Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep

C. Criticism on Kripke\'s Report

D.A Way of Overcoming Insomnia

E.Sleep Problems of Long ａｎｄ　Shoat Sleepers

F.Classification of Sleep Problems

正确答案:A

答案解析:第五段介绍了Kripke的调查工具(tool)，用的是有关睡眠的问卷，问卷包括两大内容：睡眠时间及睡眠困扰问题。