2024年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、CultureCulture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behaviｏｒpatterns characteristic of the members of a shaped by a ｓｅｔof dynamic variables: language, religion, values ａｎｄ　attitudes, manners ａｎｄ　customs, aesthetics, technology, education, ａｎｄ　social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual ａｎｄ　interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi ａｎｄ　McDonald\'s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailｏｒbusiness approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies ａｎｄ　procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance ｏｒrejection. The majｏｒchallenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia ｏｒeven blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent ｏｒoverseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, ａｎｄ　know your customer.According to Fortune, successful international companies ____.【单选题】

A.earn 20 percent ｏｒ overseas

B.all have the quality of patience

C.will follow the overseas local cultures

D.adopt the policy of internationalization

正确答案:B

答案解析:意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。

2、The Beginning of American LiteratureAmerican has always been a lａｎｄ　of beginnings. After Europeans "discovered" America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became fｏｒmany people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty ａｎｄ　persecution, a chance to start again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin?American literature begins with American experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus, before the Northmen who "found" America about the year 1,000, Native Americans lived here. Each tribe\'s literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life ａｎｄ　reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear ａｎｄ　excitement, found its expression in the reports that Columbus ａｎｄ　other explorers sent home in Spain, French ａｎｄ　English. In addition, the journals of the people who lived ａｎｄ　died in the New Englａｎｄ　wilderness tell unforgettable tales of hard ａｎｄ　sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.Experience, then, is the key to early American literature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, ａｎｄ　these experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. These writers included John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half years on the American continent. They included Jonathan Edwards ａｎｄ　William Byrd, who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians, explorers, Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner-they are all the creators of the first American literature.The main purpose of the last paragraph is to tell the readers that .【单选题】

A.in the early days most American writers were from Great Britain

B.people with rich life experiences became writers

C.there were many writers in the early days of American history

D.early-day experience provided the foundation fｏｒAmerican literature

正确答案:D

答案解析:这一段的第1句是本段的主题句，而D则是该主题句的释义。

3、How to Be a Successful BusinesspersonHave you ever wondered why some people are successful in business ａｎｄ　others are not? Here\'s a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes ａｎｄ　today he owns 168 restaurants.Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, ａｎｄ　when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.At the age of 23 ａｎｄ　with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working fｏｒa company that rented cars.While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (租赁的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. Fｏｒtwo months, he worked as a cook\'s assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen ａｎｄ　help the cook. "I didn\'t like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."One day, Mr. Kazi\'s two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant.A few months later, the owners needed a manager fｏｒa new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager ａｎｄ　soon the restaurant was making a profit.A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside ａｎｄ　the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank ａｎｄ　bought the restaurant. Fｏｒthe first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a. m. to 10 p.m. , seven days a week. He ａｎｄ　his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, ａｎｄ　improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes fｏｒtheir food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant fｏｒa profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, ａｎｄ　retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn\'t planning to stop there. He\'s looking fｏｒmore poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant ａｎｄ　find it\'s a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up. "When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to________.【单选题】

A.be an airplane pilot

B.sell cars

C.own a restaurant

D.become a good cook

正确答案:A

答案解析:细节考查题。题干问Zubair Kazi小时候的梦想。本题可直接在原文中找到答案，参见原文第二段第二句中的“His dream was to be an airplane pilot”，由此可见正确答案为A。

4、A New Doctors\' DilemmaWhen Christian Barnard, a South African doctor, performed the first human heart transplant in1967, the result was a worldwide moral debate on the ethics of transplanting organs. Hearts were not the first human organs to be transplanted but, in this case, if a donｏｒgave his ｏｒher heart, he ｏｒshe would obviously ａｎｄ　necessarily die (ｏｒbe dead). Kidney transplants, which were already quite common in 1967, often involved the transfer of a single kidney from a close living relative. The chances of survival of the donｏｒwere somewhat diminished because he now had only one kidney ａｎｄ　if that kidney were affected by disease, he would not have a healthy kidney in reserve. Nevertheless, the donｏｒwould certainly not necessarily die.Undoubtedly, another reason why the first heart transplant was so controversial was the fact that we associate so many personality traits with the heart. Questions were asked of the type: "If a person had a different heart, would he still be the same person?", ｏｒ"If doctors needed a dying person\'s heart, would they tend to declare him dead prematurely?", ａｎｄ　so on.Today, not only hearts ａｎｄ　kidneys, but also such extremely delicate organs as lungs ａｎｄ　livers, are transplanted. These developments have led to a far higher ｏｒproportion of successful operations ａｎｄ　this, in turn, has led to greater demａｎｄ　fｏｒtransplants. At the same time, many of the original moral questions surrounding heart transplants have been almost forgotten.However, as a result of the heavy demａｎｄ　fｏｒorgans, a new moral dilemma has emerged. Fｏｒexample, in the United States there are many people who would survive iflungs were available fｏｒtransplanting. In fact, about 80% of them die before a suitable donｏｒis found. In these circumstances who would decide if a donｏｒwere found whose lungs were equally suitable fｏｒtwo potential recipients?This problem is made worse by the fact that many patients, ｏｒtheir families, become desperate to find a donor. Some succeed in publicizing their situation in newspapers, to politicians ｏｒon television. Sometimes, as a result, suitable donors are found. But what would happen if another patient needed the organ more than the one who got the publicity? Who would decide if the other patient should get the organ? Would it be the doctors? ｏｒthe donor? ｏｒthe family who got the publicity? If such a dilemma developed it would be very difficult to resolve ａｎｄ　it would be a matter of life ｏｒdeath to the patients involved.According to the passage, the new moral dilemma is the result of____.【单选题】

A.a higher proportion of successful operations.

B.too few human organs fｏｒtoo many potential recipients.

C.the argument whether some delicate organs should be transplanted.

D.so many failures in organ transplanting.

正确答案:B

答案解析:由第4段第1句话可以得出，对器官的需求量大、供不应求导致出现新的难题，因此选B。

5、The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years, the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, ａｎｄ　the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson fｏｒthe National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will marry at least four times, ａｎｄ　extramarital (婚外的) affairs will be even more common than now.But what are the reasons fｏｒthis, ａｎｄ　is the picture really so gloomy (明暗的)? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based fｏｒyears partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands－as they usually didn\'t have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well－paying jobs, this is no longer the case, So they don\'t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic (悲观的) as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this, many couples now simply live together ａｎｄ　don\'t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage ｏｒdivorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of first marriages survive.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn\'t. ａｎｄ　it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress ａｎｄ　its consequences, such as heart problems, ａｎｄ　married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage ａｎｄ　apply it to all of our relationships!How do most men feel in their marriage life? ____【单选题】

A.They feel much stronger than before.

B.They don\'t feel as lonely as before.

C.They suffer more than before.

D.They feel more satisfied than being single.

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题难度也不大，文章后半部分提到ａｎｄ　it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people. 所以不难确定答案D。