2024年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题，分为单选题。小编为您整理概括大意与完成句子分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、RobotsThe most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems ａｎｄ　work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America ｏｒEurope.Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices fｏｒsimply handling objects, today their commonest uses are fｏｒmore skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting ａｎｄ　assembling components.In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive ａｎｄ　partly because engineers now have more experience with robots ａｎｄ　are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF ｏｒmean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day fｏｒtwo years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small .sample.The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately ａｎｄ　consistently than humans, who can get tired ａｎｄ　bored.The use of robots increases________.【单选题】

A.too much energy

B.based on American designs

C.they are too costly

D.they are not reliable

E.quality control

F.free of charge

正确答案:E

答案解析:根据“题目顺序与段落顺序基本对应”的出题规律，可定位到最后一段。最后一段共两句话，其中第一句The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control中提到，日本公司宣称引进机器人最大的好处在于可以提高对产品质量的控制。E选项是对该句的同义改写，故E为正确答案。

2、Ceasing to Wear TiesIt\'s useless. It\'s dirty. It spreads disease. That\'s why the British Medical Association in the UK recently called fｏｒhospital doctors to stop wearing ties.That leads to another question. Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose. They do not cover any part of your body ａｎｄ　keep you warm. They always seem to get covered in food stains. Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie. It lets everyone know what you just ate.Ties have an odd history. Soldiers from Croatia, in Eastern Europe, served as mercenaries (雇佣军) in various conflicts in the 17th century. They were identified by brightly colored pieces of silk worn around the neck. Known as cravats(围巾), these became a popular fashion item in France ａｎｄ　eventually evolved into the tie.It\'s an interesting story, but it doesn\'t tell us why men want to put useless pieces of cloth ｏｒsilk around their necks. The answer seems to be about identification(身份证明 ). In the 19th-century Britain, ties were used by universities, military regiments (团), sports clubs, schools ａｎｄ　gentleman\'s clubs. Each tie was in a particular ｓｅｔof colors which identified the wearer as a member of that organization. Wearing ties was also the mark of Britain\'s most powerful classes. That made the tie itself a symbol of power ａｎｄ　respect. ａｎｄ　that led it to be adopted by a much larger class-the business class.You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery, so wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used his brain to make a living, rather than his hands. It showed you were serious. It showed you were a professional. It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one. It was just impossible to take seriously a man who did not wear a piece of colored silk around his neck. This is how millions of people came to wear ties across the world.Is there a future fｏｒties? The signs are not promising. Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties.Paragraph 4 ________.【单选题】

A.Origin of the tie

B.British ties

C.Uselessness of the tie

D.Old-fashioned ties

E.Role of the tie

F.Signs of a tieless era

正确答案:E

答案解析:第四段的主题句是第二句：The answer seems to be about identification.这里the answer后边省略了why people wear ties。该句说明人们戴领带是为了表明身份。这说明了领带在日常生活中所起的作用。E选项Role of the tie与其意思一致，故E为正确答案。

3、Geology ａｎｄ　Heap(1)The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, ａｎｄ　the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized fｏｒa number of elements such as iodine, zinc ａｎｄ　selenium. Fｏｒexample, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, ａｎｄ　animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining ｏｒlosing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require fｏｒgrowth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock ａｎｄ　soil. Thus the geology ａｎｄ　geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry ａｎｄ　health of plants, animals ａｎｄ　people.(3)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested ｏｒmetal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds ａｎｄ　gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.(4)Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up ａｎｄ　rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer ａｎｄ　are also known to cause poisoning(5)In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject too risk assessment studies ａｎｄ　rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans ａｎｄ　above environmental quality criteria.(6)There is a vital need to understａｎｄ　the potential risks ａｎｄ　long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain ａｎｄ　human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock ａｎｄ　soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.Paragraph 6 ______【单选题】

A.No Evidence to Indicate Bad of Naturally Contaminated Soil

B.Potential Hazards of Human Contaminated Soils

C.Research an Channels of Heavy Metals Getting into Human Food Chain

D.Geology ａｎｄ　Health Problems

E.Rocks----the Ultimate Source of Soil Pollution

F.Long-term Health Effects on Children

正确答案:C

答案解析:答案的依据是本段的第2句：Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain ａｎｄ　human body.

4、Continuing Education1 People around the world agree that education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate students only fｏｒthe aim of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them fｏｒlife. Life is varied; so is education.2 Ideas about education are more specified in the United States. Education today is not just a high school diploma ｏｒa college degree. Many adults are not interested in going to college. They are interested in other kinds of learning. Fｏｒthem, learning does not end with a diploma.3 Continuing education gives these adults the opportunity to increase their knowledge about their own field ｏｒto learn about a new field. It also gives them a chance to improve their old skills ｏｒto learn new ones. Scientists, mechanics, secretaries, barbers ａｎｄ　cooks can take classes to improve their work skills. If they know more ｏｒlearn more, they can get a better job ｏｒearn more money.4 Continuing education classes give more adults the chance to learn new skills. There is usually a large variety of classes to choose from: typing, foreign cooking, photography, auto repair, furniture repair, ｏｒswimming. There are only some of the classes available.5 Some adults take classes fｏｒfun ｏｒbecause the class will be useful fｏｒthem. Other adults take continuing education classes to improve their own lives because they want to feel better about themselves.6 Almost any community college ｏｒpublic school system has a continuing education program. There are classes in schools, community buildings ｏｒchurches. Most classes are in the evenings, so working people can attend. The classes are usually small, ａｎｄ　they are inexpensive.Paragraph 3 ____【单选题】

A.Ideas bout education in the U. S.

B.Advantages of continuing education

C.Good opportunity to learn new skills

D.Most classes are in the evening

E.Working people have easy access

F.Education helps cooks find a better job

正确答案:B

答案解析:第2段的第1句“gives...opportunity”，第2句“gives...a chance”，第3句“improve...skill”，第4句“get a better job，earn more money"这些说的都是“advantages of continuing education”。

5、Geology ａｎｄ　Heap(1)The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, ａｎｄ　the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized fｏｒa number of elements such as iodine, zinc ａｎｄ　selenium. Fｏｒexample, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, ａｎｄ　animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.(2)The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks, which weather into soil, gaining ｏｒlosing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require fｏｒgrowth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock ａｎｄ　soil. Thus the geology ａｎｄ　geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry ａｎｄ　health of plants, animals ａｎｄ　people.(3)So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested ｏｒmetal-rich dust is inhaled. However, small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds ａｎｄ　gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.(4)Heavy metals are persistent: they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up ａｎｄ　rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer ａｎｄ　are also known to cause poisoning(5)In contrast, naturally contaminated soils have not been subject too risk assessment studies ａｎｄ　rehabilitation measures, despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans ａｎｄ　above environmental quality criteria.(6)There is a vital need to understａｎｄ　the potential risks ａｎｄ　long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain ａｎｄ　human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock ａｎｄ　soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on____ .【单选题】

A.industrially polluted soils

B.rock ａｎｄ　soil chemistry

C.naturally polluted soils

D.the pathways of metals into the food chain

E.the element of iodine

F.the persistence of heavy metals

正确答案:C

答案解析:本题答案的依据是最后一段的第1句，即“There is a vital need to understａｎｄ　the potential risks ａｎｄ　long-terse health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. ”