2023年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、The Ideal HusbandScience now might be able to explain women\'s fascination with Brad Pitt\'s face ａｎｄ　George Clooney\'s eyes. Women seem to judge potential mate by how masculine their features are, new research shows. Men with square jaws ａｎｄ　well-defined brow ridges are seen as good short-term partners, while those with more feminine traits such as a rounder face ａｎｄ　fuller lips are perceived as better long-term mates.In the study by Daniel Kruger at the US\'s University of Michigan, 854 subjects viewed a series of male head shots that had been digitally changed to exaggerate ｏｒminimize masculine traits. They then . answered questions about how they expected the men in the photos to behave.Most participants said that those with more masculine features were likely to be risky, competitive, ａｎｄ　more apt to fight, challenge bosses, cheat on spouses ａｎｄ　put less effort into parenting. Those with more feminine faces were seen as good parents ａｎｄ　husbands, hard workers ａｎｄ　emotionally supportive mates.But, despite all the negative characteristics, when asked who they would choose fｏｒa short-term relationship, women selected the more masculine ____ men. Brad ａｎｄ　George, both chiseled jaws ａｎｄ　well-defined brows, then would be good fｏｒa brief romance, not fｏｒsomething longer.The study was published in the December issue of the US journal Personal Relationships.Kruger said that from an evolutionary perspective, this makes sense. The key is testosterone, the hormone responsible fｏｒthe development of masculine facial features ａｎｄ　other sexual characteristics. It has been found to affect the body\'s ability to fight disease: men with high levels of the hormone are typically strong ａｎｄ　healthy- traits women want to pass on to their children.However, increased testosterone has also been linked to cheating ａｎｄ　violence in relationships. So, these men might produce high quality offspring, but they don\'t always make great parents ｏｒfaithful mates, Kruger says.The scientific community have shown skepticism toward physiognomy, which links facial characteristics to certain behavioral traits. But Kruger argues that the research is a valuable tool fｏｒunderstanding mating strategies. And, of course, fｏｒexplaining why Tony Leung ａｎｄ　Takeshi Kanesshiro have millions of female fans. It might have to do with their genes. ｏｒsomething to do with ours.【单选题】

A.seeming

B.appearing

C.looking

D.pretending

正确答案:C

答案解析:seem:好像；appear：出现；look:看上去；pretend:假装。我们可以说：These men look very masculine. 也可以说these masculine looking men,因此用looking是对的。

2、Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets ａｎｄ　retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. ____ Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic ｏｒglass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自动售货机, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.In response to a campaign by Britain\'s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates 装货箱 fｏｒtransporting its fresh produce.But campaigners said retailers ａｎｄ　the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets ａｎｄ　deposits are paid fｏｒreusable plastic ａｎｄ　glass beverage bottles.【单选题】

A.If a product is over packaged, don\'t buy it.

B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic ｏｒglass container, you make a deposit.

C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.

D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.

E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) fｏｒtransporting its fresh produce.

F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.

正确答案:F

答案解析:本题难度不是很大，选项意义差异大，比较好排除，本题可以看选项，等到信息提示，使用排除法和代入法。本题的上句谈到了，英国超市和零售商减少使用包裹是反浪费活动的一部分，campaign 一词是信号词，下句转到谈具体垃圾数量，回来看选项，可以发现F项，提到了campaign，把F项代入文中，符合上下文逻辑，是答案。

3、Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms priｏｒt0 1990.【单选题】

A.in

B.around

C.from

D.before

正确答案:D

答案解析:priｏｒto：在……之前，与before意思相同；in： （表示时间）在……期间；around:大约；from:从……起。

4、There was a profound silence after his remark.【单选题】

A.proud

B.short

C.sudden

D.deep

正确答案:D

答案解析:他讲完后现场一片沉寂。本题考察的是引申意义。profound指“深刻的”，引申意义是“深度的，完全的”和deep“深的”是近义词，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异大，干扰性不强。

5、Early childhood educationIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement ａｎｄ　economic success, fｏｒpossible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find in most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese ａｎｄ　210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, ａｎｄ　parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children fｏｒsuccessful careers in first grade ａｎｄ　beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, ａｎｄ　mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, ａｎｄ　the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese ａｎｄ　American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with aｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listedｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of theｇｒｏｕｐseen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training ｏｒpotential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary ａｎｄ　secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children\'s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools ａｎｄ　universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out fｏｒthe heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in ｏｒｃｅｒto ____.【单选题】

A.broaden children\'s horizon

B.cultivate children\'s creativity

C.lighten children\'s study load

D.enrich children\'s knowledge

正确答案:C

答案解析:此题可以从全文的最后一句话得出答案。其他三个选项“扩大孩子的视野”、“培养孩子的创造力”和“丰富孩子的知识”文中无明确的说明。

6、The firm of Bonnin ａｎｄ　Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American company to manufacture porcelain.【单选题】

A.silverware

B.crystal

C.china

D.linen

正确答案:C

答案解析:porcelain：瓷器，与china是同义词。silverware：银器；crystal：水晶质玻璃制品；linen:亚麻（制品）。

7、The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all: "I just can\'t remember a thing!" But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps U. S. to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.In fact we have different types of memory. Fｏｒexample, our visual memory helps us recall facts ａｎｄ　places. Some people have such a strong visual memory that they can remember exactly what they have seen, fｏｒexample, pages of a book, as a complete picture.Our verbal memory helps us remember words ａｎｄ　figures we may have heard but not seen ｏｒwritten: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, ｏｒa recipe.With our emotional memory, we recall situations ｏｒplaces where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness ｏｒunhappiness. We also have special memories fｏｒsmell, taste, touch ａｎｄ　sound, ａｎｄ　fｏｒperforming physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items fｏｒup to thirty seconds-enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items fｏｒa lifetime. Older people in fact have a much biter long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, ａｎｄ　that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline ofa story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past, ｏｒmaybe victims needing sympathy.Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:C

答案解析:和上一题一样，我们在第五段中没有看到相关的信息，所以应属“没提到”类型。

8、Happy Marriage, Happy HeartHappily married people have lower blood pressure than unhappily married people ｏｒsingles, a Brigham Young University study says.On the other hand, even having a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit fｏｒsingles ｏｒunhappily married people, according to the study."There seems to be some unique health benefits from marriage. It\'s not just being named that benefits health-what\'s really the most protective of health is having a happy marriage," study authｏｒJulianne Holt Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships ａｎｄ　health, said in a prepared statement.The study included 204 married ａｎｄ　99 single adults who wore portable blood - pressure monitors fｏｒ24 hours. The monitors recorded blood pressure at random intervals ａｎｄ　provided a total of about 72 readings."We wanted to capture participants\' blood pressure doing whatever they normally do in everyday life. Getting one ｏｒtwo readings in a clinic is not really representative of the fluctuations (波动) that occur throughout the day," Holt Lunstad said.Overall, happily married people scored four points lower on the blood pressure readings than single adults. The study also found that blood pressure among married people, especially those in happy marriages dropped more during sleep than in single people."Research has shown that people whose blood pressure remains high throughout the night are at much greater risk of heart disease than people whose blood pressure drops," Holt Lunstad said.The study was published in the March 20 issue of the journal Annals (年刊) of Behavioral Medicine.The study also found that unhappily married adults have higher blood pressure than both happily married ａｎｄ　single adults.Holt Lunstad noted that married couples can encourage healthy habits in one ____, such as eating a healthy diet ａｎｄ　having regular doctｏｒvisits. People in happy marriages also have a source of emotional support, she said. 【单选题】

A.another

B.each

C.other

D.every

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度不大，考查固定搭配one another的用法，one another指“互相（多人以上的）”，答案是A。

9、Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47 in the early 21st century, men in the United States ａｎｄ　the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, ａｎｄ　these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute ａｎｄ　oftenhighly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases ａｎｄ　others, ａｎｄ　the weak ａｎｄ　elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far less deadly today, ａｎｄ　in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors have led to this: improvements in sanitation ａｎｄ　hygiene, the discovery ａｎｄ　use of antibiotics, which ____ bacterial diseases much less dangerous, ａｎｄ　vaccinations against common diseases. In addition , people\'s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better ａｎｄ　warmer housing, ａｎｄ　better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease ａｎｄ　strokes, ａｎｄ　those spread by viruses, such as influenza ａｎｄ　AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease ａｎｄ　illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【单选题】

A.makes

B.causes

C.make

D.from

正确答案:C

答案解析:注意这里的which不是非限制定语从句中指代前面一句话的作用，而是指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和抗生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不用三单形式。cause没有这样的语法搭配。

10、15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disｏｒｃｅｒprevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social ａｎｄ　romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disｏｒｃｅｒleaves many isolated, ashamed ａｎｄ　often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disｏｒｃｅｒhave symptoms fｏｒ10 years ｏｒmore before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports."Social anxiety disｏｒｃｅｒis when somebody has an intense, persistent ａｎｄ　irrational fear of social ｏｒperformance situations," Jerilyn Ross, the association\'s president ａｎｄ　CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday."The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations ａｎｄ　even other people fｏｒfear of being judged ｏｒcriticized ｏｒhumiliated ｏｒembarrassing themselves," Ross said.Social anxiety disｏｒｃｅｒcan interfere with daily routines ａｎｄ　job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult fｏｒpeople to develop friends ａｎｄ　romantic partnerships," she said.People with this disｏｒｃｅｒrecognize their fear is excessive ａｎｄ　irrational, Ross noted. "But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.Social anxiety disｏｒｃｅｒcan start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, directｏｒof the Center fｏｒAnxiety ａｎｄ　Traumatic Stress Disorders ａｎｄ　a professｏｒof psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference."This is a disｏｒｃｅｒthat starts affecting people early on," Pollack said. "The typical age of onｓｅｔis early adolescence, age 12 ｏｒ13, ａｎｄ　many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood."The disｏｒｃｅｒalso has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling ａｎｄ　stammering, Ross said.Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn\'t want people to think they were crazy, ａｎｄ　58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.However, when the condition is diagnosed ａｎｄ　treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.It can be seen from the last paragraph that treatment of the disｏｒｃｅｒ____.【单选题】

A.has no positive effect at all

B.is unavailable to most sufferers

C.tends to be refused by the sufferers

D.can lead to improvement in the sufferers\' lives

正确答案:D

答案解析:短文的最后一段表明，不少患者在经过治疗后都有好转。