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2023年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理概括大意与完成句子分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、Parkinson\'s Disease1 Parkinson\'s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson\'s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows forsure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look forthe answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson\'s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremormay be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremorhas Parkinson\'s disease. Tremoroften starts in just one arm orleg oronly on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm orleg. It may get better when you move the limb oryou are asleep. In time, Parkinson\'s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing orconstipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson\'s may have a fixed orblank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills (dementia).4 At this time, there is no cure forParkinson\'s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You \'may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctormay wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctorwill adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.A lot of research is being done to find out ____.【单选题】
A.if there isn\'t enough dopamine your body
B.what affects muscles all through your body
C.which cannot be cured yet
D.if you have a fixed orblank expression
E.which may be the first symptom you notice
F.what causes Parkinson\'s disease
正确答案:F
答案解析:人们正在进行大量的研究来发现导致帕金森综合征的原因。根据第二段前三句话及后面提到的aging and the poisons in environment等可推断应选F。
2、CancerCancer is agroupof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ortumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control ororder.Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, orexposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace orin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy (化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctormay use one method ora combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment forcancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient\'s tolerance forpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, ornerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved orreduced with prescription medicines orover-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Cancer patients may differ in their ____.【单选题】
A.prescription medicines
B.control ororder
C.tolerance forpain
D.various factors
E.normal genes
F.different genes side effects
正确答案:C
答案解析:根据题干线索词patient定位原文至第四段第二句“Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient\'s tolerance forpain”,由此推断,句中画线部分即为所需添加成分。C选项tolerance forpain属于原文复现,故为正确答案。
3、Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" forthese volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size forsize, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, forexample, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, directorof the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall\'s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. and it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted forthousands ormillions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide orsulphur dioxide emissions. Paragraph 3____ 【单选题】
A.Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions
B.Association of Mass Extinction with Volcanic Eruption
C.Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions
D.A Mass Extinction
E.Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction
F.ccounting forthe Killing Power of Older Eruptions
正确答案:C
答案解析:第三段的第一句话是这么说的:Wignall calculated the“killing efficiency”forthese valcanoes wignall计算了这些火山的“灭种效率”。killing power与killing efficiency意思差不多。killing power:灭种力。
4、CancerCancer is agroupof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ortumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control ororder.Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, orexposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace orin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy (化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctormay use one method ora combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment forcancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient\'s tolerance forpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, ornerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved orreduced with prescription medicines orover-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Treatment forcancer may also bring about some【单选题】
A.prescription medicines
B.control ororder
C.tolerance forpain
D.various factors
E.normal genes
F.different genes side effects
正确答案:F
答案解析:根据题干线索词treatment定位原文至第三段,其中第三句提到 Because treatment forcancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects,句中的it即指前句中提到的treatment forcancer,且句中cause与题干中的bring about意思均为“导致,引起”。由此推断,句中画线部分即为题干所需添加成分。而F选项different genes side effects属于原文复现,故为正确答案。
5、Intellectual DisabilityPeople with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a community. Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn and function within society, and the identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment of a person\'s performance in a variety of tests. An individual\'s level of performance, as assessed, can change with time and circumstances. With skilled training and opportunity fordevelopment, people with intellectual disability have much greater potential foracquiring skills and forparticipation in community life than previously had been thought possible.In many western societies, five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in orcerto indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning. All five may occur in either children, adolescent oradult, and show as mild, moderate, severe, profound ormultiple intellectual disability.Forthe majority of intellectual disabilities, there is no identifiable cause but there are some causes that are well documented. They include: brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen—prolonged laborduring childbirth; brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella (风疹), drug ordiet-related problems; damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis(脑膜炎) oraccident; hereditary defects in the genes; abnormal chromosome count resulting in, forexample, Down Syndrome(唐氏综合症).Like everyone else, people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job, a satisfying place to live and a good social life. But they may need extra support to achieve these things. Good support services are based on the principle of normalization—which means enabling people to be part of the community like everyone else,With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities, there is a need to promote awareness of communication. Although many people may have little experience in talking with an intellectually disabled person, there are common guidelines that can simplify the interaction. Firstly, it is useful to remember that people with disabilities have feelings. Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to anyone else is also recommended. Being prepared to wait a little longer forreplies during a conversation with an intellectually disabled person would undoubtedly benefit the exchange.Paragraph 3____.【单选题】
A.What do people with an intellectual disability need
B.What is intellectual disability
C.How do people with an intellectual disability talk
D.What are the forms of intellectual disability
E.What causes intellectual disability
F.How do you talk to a person with an intellectual disability
正确答案:E
答案解析:第三段主题句为第一句,其意思是:尽管大多数智力障碍者的患病原因还未被查明,但有些因素确实能导致智力障碍。由此推断,该段回答了E选项“What causes intellectual disability?”所提问题,故E为正确答案。
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学习商务英语BEC初级需要具备怎样的基础?:学习商务英语BEC初级需要具备怎样的基础?根据BEC考试大纲的要求,学习BEC初级需要有公共英语四级的水平。
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