2023年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Acceptance of Chronic IllnessFｏｒchronically ill patients, giving up the hope that they will get better may actually lead to more happiness, U. S. researchers suggest."Hope is an important part of happiness, but there\'s a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness," Dr. Peter A. Ubel from the University of Michigan Health System said in a university news release.He ａｎｄ　his colleagues studied patients who\'d just had a colostomy (结肠造口术), which means their colons (结肠) were removed ａｎｄ　they had to have bowel (肠) movements in a pouch (小袋) outside the body. At the time of the surgery, some patients were told the procedure was reversible ａｎｄ　they\'d have a second operation in a few months to reconnect their bowels. Other patients were told the colostomy was permanent.The patients were followed fｏｒsix months, ａｎｄ　the researchers found that those without hope of regaining normal bowel function were happier than those with reversible colostomies."We think they were happier because they got on with their life. They realized the cards they were dealt, ａｎｄ　recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," Ubel said. "The otherｇｒｏｕｐwas waiting fｏｒtheir colostomy to be reversed. They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, ａｎｄ　didn\'t make the best of their current situation. "The study, published in the November edition of Health Psychology, also may explain why people whose spouse dies often recover better emotionally over time than those who get divorced, the researchers said.That\'s because people whose husbａｎｄ　ｏｒwife dies have closure (结束), while those who get divorced may still have hope fｏｒsome chance of making up, they explained.The otherｇｒｏｕｐwas not as happy because ______.【单选题】

A.they accepted their current situation

B.they were anxious to get better

C.they missed their previous life

D.they refused to play cards

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要吃透原文句意。答案依据比较明显，在文章第五段最后一句．谈到，不开心的第一组病人总是把现在的生活和他们想要的生活进行比较，没有很好地适应现在的生活。换句话说，他们很渴望早日恢复。回来看选项，B项和原文句意相符，是答案。

2、Early childhood educationIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement ａｎｄ　economic success, fｏｒpossible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find in most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese ａｎｄ　210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, ａｎｄ　parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children fｏｒsuccessful careers in first grade ａｎｄ　beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, ａｎｄ　mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, ａｎｄ　the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese ａｎｄ　American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with aｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listedｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of theｇｒｏｕｐseen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training ｏｒpotential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary ａｎｄ　secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children\'s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools ａｎｄ　universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out fｏｒthe heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to ____.【单选题】

A.problem solving

B.group experience

C.parental guidance

D.individually-oriented development

正确答案:B

答案解析:这道题从第二段的第二句可以直接选出答案B。

3、Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a fiveyear research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer, They said patients are younger, especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumｏｒresearch Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason fｏｒlung cancer," said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine TumｏｒDiagnosis ａｎｄ　Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients fｏｒfive years. Among them, 1,433 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking ｏｒinhaling second-hａｎｄ　smoke, according to the report.However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking ａｎｄ　complained about irritated eyes ａｎｄ　throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens ａｎｄ　about 25 percent of women\'s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. "Unless my family ａｎｄ　I don\'t eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook," said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad fｏｒthe skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less. "Doctors said women\'s lung cancer had few links to personal health ａｎｄ　physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits ａｎｄ　weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him."Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer fｏｒmen," said Dr. Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University\'s Medical College. "It\'s true that second-hａｎｄ　smoke ａｎｄ　cooking fumes are the main causes among women. "His research also warned people not to stａｎｄ　near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poｏｒquality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume fｏｒa long time, experts said.What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term close contact with cooking oil fumes?【单选题】

A.Irritated eyes ａｎｄ　throat.

B.Severe pain in both lungs.

C.Continuous cough ａｎｄ　headache.

D.Difficulty in breathing.

正确答案:A

答案解析:细节考查题。答案参见第七段：However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking ａｎｄ　complained about irritated eyes ａｎｄ　throat（60％以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并表示眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受）。故正确答案为A。

4、Vicious ａｎｄ　Dangerous Sports Should Be Banned by LawWhen you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it\'s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poｏｒold Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on fｏｒentertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2,000 years ago ａｎｄ　obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, fｏｒinstance, attract such universal interest? Don\'t the spectators who at tend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves ａｎｄ　the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart ａｎｄ　eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings ｏｒbearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day ａｎｄ　age we should still allow hunting ｏｒbullfighting, that we should be prepared to sit back ａｎｄ　watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one ｏｒa num ber of racing cars crashing ａｎｄ　bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of "the sporting spirit" is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, fｏｒinstance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture ａｎｄ　violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. Fｏｒcenturies man has been trying to improve himself spiritually ａｎｄ　emotionally-admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, ｏｒpublic floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly ａｎｄ　unaccountably improved, but be cause positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have ａｎｄ　it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned danger ous ａｎｄ　violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading ａｎｄ　unworthy of human beings.How many dangerous sports does the authｏｒmention in this passage?【单选题】

A.Three.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Seven.

正确答案:B

答案解析:细节考查题。作者提到逗熊游戏、斗牛、车赛、拳击、人狮斗五种体育活动。注意当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称为体育活动。故正确答案为B。

5、The Only Way Is Up Think of a modem city ａｎｄ　the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don\'t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. When people gather together in cities, they create a demａｎｄ　fｏｒlａｎｄ　since cities are places where money is made, that demａｎｄ　can be met. ａｎｄ　the best way to make money out of city lａｎｄ　is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground that means building upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough fｏｒpeople on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, ｏｒhome. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift ｏｒelevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine ａｎｄ　develop the elevatｏｒbrake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects ａｎｄ　builders. A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists ａｎｄ　others who study human behaviｏｒfind lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. "It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us ａｎｄ　you just can\'t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stａｎｄ　close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try ａｎｄ　shrink into the background but some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stａｎｄ　in a comer taking notes. Don\'t worry about them. They are probably from a university.Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviｏｒbecause____.【单选题】

A.here humans behave the way animals do

B.people in a lift are all scared

C.here some people take notes

D.in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks

正确答案:D

答案解析:电梯的空间狭小，相对拥挤，人们想要享有私人空间的要求在这里成了幻想，如同关在动物园的笼子里的动物一般，这为心理学家提供了一个研究在这种情况下人的行为的难得的机会。