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2023年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、Surprised by a MiracleI had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital forabout a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" patient is moving their hand ordoing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it. Often it\'s "wishful thinking" on the Families\' part. Nurses can easily become callous to it.On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient\'s wife came in. I had taken care of him forseveral nights. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn\'t do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning.His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her fora few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, "Donna, he\'s moving his hand!"I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, "I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!"This led me to another train of questioning. "But, did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked.I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didn\'t believe her orthat she was somehow mistaken.She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, "Well, ask him to let go. " He continued to squeeze fora moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn\'t believe that he had done it on purpose. So, I said, "Ask him to hold up one finger. " He did as asked.Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up. "The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient ____.【单选题】
A.is found to be following commands
B.is thought to be following commands
C.is used to following commands
D.is callous to nurses\' commands
正确答案:B
答案解析:从短文的第一段可以得知,昏迷病人的家属时常以为病人能动了,但大多数情况下,这只是他们的愿望思维,病人并没有真正有意识地在动。
2、Driving after drinkingThe legal limitfordriving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, what you\'ve just eaten and what sort of drinks you\'ve had. Some people might reach their limitafter only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one ortwo drinks. Even if you\'re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour forthe body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, oryou could even find that you\'re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you\'ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one ortwo drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a setof movable posts…and the less able they were to do it! So the only way to be sure you\'re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a majorcause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, and road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you\'ve been drinking doesn\'t just affect you. If you\'re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill orinjure.About drink driving, the authorwarns you of the fact that you____.【单选题】
A.may be taken to court by the police
B.are putting yourself in danger
C.may hurt orkill another driver
D.are setting other people at risk
正确答案:D
答案解析:态度题。答案参见最后一段:酒后驾车不单单影响你本人,如果发生事故还会影响其他许多人,尤其是你可能撞死或撞伤的那个人。故正确答案为D。
3、Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year forthe first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.ProfessorPeter Johnson, Cancer Research UK\'s chief clinician said, "It\'s incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often. "Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management forwomen with the disease."The introduction of the NHS (国民保健制度) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. "Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease, a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said, "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease. " ."However, this is still too many women and incidence of the disease is increasing year by year."The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖) and alcohol consumption.The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
正确答案:B
答案解析:在英国被诊断为乳腺癌的比例一直在降低。根据第四段. …despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often. 可知该论断是错误的。
4、Computer crimesMore and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information forhis own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It\'s easy forcomputer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected but it\'s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections orother security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.Forexample, a certain keypunch operatorcomplained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were fordishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, orgo to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company\'s executives, accountants, and security staff. and so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.It is implied in the third paragraph that ____.【单选题】
A.many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
B.the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C.most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D.most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
正确答案:A
答案解析:文章的第三段指出,“究竟有多少计算机犯罪,我们没有确切的统计数字,令人不安的是很多计算机犯罪是偶然中被发现的,而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防范措施而发现的。”这说明A是正确的:没有被发现的计算机犯罪比被发现的计算机犯罪要多得多。
5、Online Cancer Chat with a Safety NetCancer Research UK has launched an online chat forum forcancer patients to swap (变换) stories and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease.But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference: it has an information safety net.This means that a Cancer Research UK team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue (劣等的) "cancer cures" orscientifically unsound information.Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat, but if people wish to post a message, they will need to register.and Rebekah Gibbs, cancer patient and star of TWs Casualty, has pledged her support forthe new project. "I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea," she said. "I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart - warming response from other people going through the same thing."The idea of a Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family. and with Cancer Research UK monitoring the forum, people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged.Cancer Chat will also encourage its users to check out any cancer questions on its CancerHelp UK website, which is specially designed to give patients and their families 6,000 pages of up - to - date information that is easy to understand and explains a wide range of treatments fordifferent types of cancer and gives details of clinical trials. There is also a UK database of cancer clinical trials.The award - winning website attracts around one million visitors a month and Cancer Research UK hopes that some of these visitors will also want to post comments on the Cancer Chat forum.Forthose who do not have access to computers and have questions about cancer, the charity\'s team of cancer information nurses are available during office hours to talk over patients\' concerns on the phone.Which is true of the messages posted on Cancer Chat? ______【单选题】
A.They are available to all visitors.
B.Their writers get paid forthem.
C.They are only about cancer treatments.
D.Their writers don\'t have to register.
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要认真吃透原文句意,找出判断依据。主要答案依据在文章第四段第一句,谈到任何人都可以上该论坛的网站浏览消息,但如果有人要发布信息,必须先注册,回来看选项,A项和原文句意相符,是答案。
6、Parkinson\'s Disease1. Parkinson\'s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine(多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson\'s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.2. No one knows forsure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look forthe answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson\'s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.3. Tremor(颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremoroften starts in just one arm orleg oronly on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm orleg. It may get better when you move the limb oryou are asleep. In time, Parkinson\'s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing orconstipation(便秘) . In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson\'s may have a fixed orblank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.4. At this time, there is no cure forParkinson\'s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are not obvious. Your doctormay wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctorwill adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.Paragraph 3 ______【单选题】
A.Tips forPatients with the Disease
B.Common Treatment forthe Disease
C.Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
D.Typical Symptoms of the Disease
E.Possible Causes of the Disease
F.Definition of Parkinson\'s Disease
正确答案:D
答案解析:本题难度较大,没有明显的段落主旨句,需要较强的归纳概括能力。通读第三段可以发现,第三段主要讨论了颤抖、难以吞咽食物和便秘等帕金森病的几个症状,回来看选项,D项Typical Symptoms of the Disease,帕金森病的典型症状,简单概括了本段主要意思,是答案。
7、Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47 in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and oftenhighly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the ____ world these diseases are far less deadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations against common diseases. In addition , people\'s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better and warmer housing, and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【单选题】
A.developed
B.less developed
C.undeveloped
D.developing
正确答案:A
答案解析:本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失,通过常识得知应该是发达国家。
8、Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. and no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody\'s going to drepdead overnight but we should be asking formore scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said.A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one forevery two people.As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas. Forexample, Telstra, Optus and Videophone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults. He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.____ According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable forthe majortelephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to setup a wide ranging inquiry in to possible health effects.【单选题】
A.He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults.
B.By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 12 million mobile phones: nearly one forevery two people.
C.“If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,”he said.
D.Then who finances the research?
E.Forexample, Telstra, Optus and Videophone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.
F.The conclusion is that mobile phones bring more harm than benefit.
正确答案:D
答案解析:后一句说的是majortelephone companies出钱资助研究项目的问题,提示了D是正确答案。
9、ExerciseWhether ornot exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those of middle age and beyond. Forthem moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe forone person of forty but folly foranother. The safe limitforexercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice foranyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The ____ is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should choose depends upon one\'s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do bet ter to limitthemselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.【单选题】
A.other
B.another
C.one
D.same
正确答案:A
答案解析:前面说到有两个一般性的建议,并且已提到first,那么二者中的另一个用other。
10、ExerciseWhether ornot exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exercise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those of middle age and beyond. Forthem moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question hard to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe forone person of forty but folly foranother. The safe limitforexercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice foranyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should choose depends upon one\'s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do bet ter to limitthemselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate ____ throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise.【单选题】
A.with
B.from
C.in
D.on
正确答案:C
答案解析:四个选项中只有in可与participate连用,意为“参加”,in的宾语是引导定语从句的关系代词that。
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