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2023年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道,附答案解析,供您考前自测提升!
1、Intelligent Machines1. Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson\'s disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is authorof the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world\'s best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.2. Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona; the virtual (虚拟的) hostess of Kurzweil\'s homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.3. Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world", he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor(探测器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensorwill describe to the person everything it sees.4. Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to trans late into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.5. But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future, Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won\'t be ready forat least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our minds will be able to live forever.Paragraph 2 ____【单选题】
A.A new pair of eyes
B.Computers that can communicate
C.Everlasting consciousness on a computer
D.Time to break off a friendship
E.An authorand researcher
F.A new pair of ears
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题难度较大,第二段没有明显的主旨句,考生需要很强的归纳概括能力。本段提到智能机器能够使电脑识别声音,和别人进行交流。回来看选项,B项Computers that can communicate,“能进行交流的电脑”,可以概括本段内容,答案是B。
2、What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃ which occurred in Antarctica in 1983.We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in space Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃ to -120℃. The temperature depends upon whether you are in direct sunlight orshade, Obviously, -120℃ is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science forwell-designed space suits that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar system . Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your location. We are taught it is supposedly impossible to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is -273℃, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas temperature barely above absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 fortheir work not a discovery in this car.Why is the two scientists\' work so important to science?In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting theory about particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble convincing Other scientists to believe so he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein\'s calculations helped him theorize would behave as Bose thought but only at very cold temperatures.Scientists have also discovered that ultra-cold atoms can help them make the world\'s atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second every six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time(d=vxt). With the long distances involved in space _____ to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.【单选题】
A.travel
B.research
C.walk
D.station
正确答案:A
答案解析:从地球飞向其他星球的宇宙航程很长,计时越精确,测算宇宙飞行器的即时距离就越精确。本段讲的是精确计时对宇宙航行的重要性,所以选travel是正确的。本题不能选 walk,因为space walk是“太空行走”,指的是宇航员离开飞船在宇宙空间中活动,与space travel是两个不同的概念。
3、Working Successfully within Cultural BoundariesSoon after starting our job in China, we realized that the greatest challenge we faced would not be our day-to-day responsibilities but a completely foreign work environment and culture.We were used to the very direct, sometimes confrontational, but more equal style of management in the United States. Here, we were faced with the never-direct, never-confrontational style of management common in Asia.We often hear similar stories. One woman shared her experience of returning to China after more than 15 years in the US. Although she spent most of her childhood in China, she felt that her colleagues\' thinking processes were completely foreign to her. She needed to adapt herself to the culture of her company only then would she be successful at her job. In the end, she wasn\'t able to successfully re-adapt herself to the culture. What she didn\'t realize was that, rather than disagreeing with her ideas, they disagreed with her method of implementing them. Forexample, instead of recognizing her company\'s strict chain-of-command, she had in one case taken her plan straight to the company chairman. This action consequently caused her superiors to lose face. She had unwittingly broken a cardinal rule of Chinese culture.One man who spent many years overseas before returning to China to head up the local operations of a multinational company, had a similar experience. In his first management team meeting, he presented his plans fora new direction in China operations. His request was met with an uncomfortable silence, with none of the managers daring to speak up. They had not been prepared forhis open style of management. Soon he quickly determined that his first on-the-job challenge would be to build up managers\' confidence in him, and that he had to do this individually, not in a group. Within a year, their management team meetings were transformed into the interactive, brainstorming sessions that he intended them to be.Therefore, it wasn\'t until after we had learned to appreciate the culture of our workplace and earned the confidence and trust of our inferiors that we were able to move forward and successfully do our job. We must first understand and accept a culture forwhat it is; only then will we be able to successfully work within it.What are the differences in style of management in the USA and China according to the author? In the USA, it is indirect style of management. In China, it is direct. In the USA, it is direct style of management. In China, it is never-direct. In the USA, it is always confrontational. In China, it is sometimes confrontational. In the USA, it is equal. In China it is unequal.What is the cardinal rule of Chinese culture mentioned in this passage?【单选题】
A.The obedience to the superior.
B.The strict chain-of-command.
C.Confidence in the manager.
D.Individual discussion before making it open.
正确答案:B
答案解析:根据第3段最后两句,“比方说有一次她没有理会公司的严格管理等级制度,而是直接把计划报给公司主席,这一举动使得她的上司很没面子。她不经意间触犯了中国文化的最重要规则”,因此答案是B。
4、Gun Rights in the USImmediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn (致哀) the dead. The president and the state governer both hurried there to share the grief. But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to own weapons.Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country here gun violence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the few countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it.In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted strict gun control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held hostage by the gun lobby (院外活动集团) and the electoral (选举) system.The powerful National Rifle Association, the majorsupporter of gun rights in the US, is too strong forany party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun control anyway. Over the years, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign forgun control orwin power, not both, they prefer power.According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm (火器) incidents accounted fornine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many people don\'t want to give up their arms they keep to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said, "If one professorin the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon, they might have been able to ____ all this. "In his opinion, the massacre (大屠杀) is an argument formore people to carry weapons, not fewer.Americans\' clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of government, commented UK\'s Guardian newspaper.One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed (隐藏的) firearm, told the Guardian that it was every American\'s responsibility to have a gun."Each person," he said, "should not rely solely on the government forprotection."【单选题】
A.stop
B.cover
C.shoot
D.interrupt
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题有一定难度,需要认真阅读文章,理解好句意。文章此处是说“对于弗吉尼亚校园惨案来说如果当时有教授拥有合法枪支的话,会阻止惨剧的发生”,应选择“阻止”的意思,最佳答案是A。
5、How to Be a Successful Business personHave you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here\'s a story about one successful business person. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants.Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working fora company that rented cars.While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (租赁的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. Fortwo months, he worked as a cook\'s assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn\'t like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."One day, Mr. Kazi\'s two co - workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant.A few months later, the owners needed a manager fora new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. Forthe first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 A.m. to 10 p. m., seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes fortheir food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant fora profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn\'t planning to stop there. He\'s looking formore poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it\'s a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up."Mr. Kazi decided to work with KFC to ____.【单选题】
A.learn how to cook
B.save money fora car
C.save money on food
D.learn how to run a restaurant
正确答案:C
答案解析:本题难度不大,也是送分题,答案依据是这一句:To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC.
6、Travel Across AfricaForsix hours we shot through the barren (荒芜的) landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I\'d bought in a market in Mozambique.Southern Africa was full of stories and visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring (咆哮) of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.and then the other things, dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto livng in one room, a kilometre from clean water.As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty and we hadn\'t seen another car forhours. and as I drove, something caught my eye. Something moved close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn\'t know how long they had been there next to us.I shouted to Dan: "Look!" But he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car fora few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened."Wild horses?" he said. "Why didn\'t you wake me up, Sophia?""I tried, but they were gone after a few seconds.""Are you sure you didn\'t dream it?""You were the one who was sleeping!""Typical," he said, "The best photos are the ones we never take."We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.Daniel and Sophia saw a lot of wonderful things.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
正确答案:A
答案解析:本题难度不大,答案依据是文章第二段,Southern Africa was full of stories. and visions. We were almost drunk on sensations.
7、Have you talked to her lately?【单选题】
A.lastly
B.finally
C.shortly
D.recently
正确答案:D
答案解析:题干大意:你最近跟她聊天了吗?画线词lately和选项recently都有“最近”的意思。lastly:最后,终于;finally:最后,终于;shortly:立刻,简短地。故答案为D。
8、A Country\'s Standard of LivingThe "standard of living" of any country means the average person\'s share of the goods and services the country produces. A country\'s standard of living, therefore, depends first on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, forwe do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods such as food and clothing", and "services" such as transport and entertainment.A country\'s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country\'s natural resources. Some region of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile (肥沃的) soil and a favorable climate, other regions possess none of them.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use, China is perhaps as rich as the USA in natural resources, but suffered formany years from civil and external wars, Forthis and other reasons it was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, to produce more wealth than other country.A country\'s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is directly produced through international trade. Forexample, Britain\'s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible forher surplus (剩余的) manufactured goods to be traded abroad forthe agricultural products ____ would otherwise be lacking. A country\'s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, providing that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.【单选题】
A.who
B.which
C.where
D.when
正确答案:B
答案解析:本题有一定难度,干扰项干扰较大,本题考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系词,先行词是products,所以正确答案是B。
9、Desirable Qualities in a TeacherHere I want to try to give you an answer to the question: What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probably no two people would draw up exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally accepted.First, the teacher\'s personality should be pleasantly live and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically plain, oreven ugly, because many such have great personal charm. I would say that excludes all of dull orpurely negative personality. I still stick to what I said in my earlier book: that school children probably suffer more from bores than from brutes.Secondly, it is not merely desirable but essential fora teacher to have a great capacity forsympathy in the literal meaning of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant not indeed, of what is wrong, but of frailty (脆弱) and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and _____ especially children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I hold it essential fora teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a plaster saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths.【单选题】
A.otherwise
B.indeed
C.again
D.for
正确答案:C
答案解析:承前文especially, since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children,文中再次强调“尤其是孩子”,故选again。
10、An Early Form of Jazz MusicMusic comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the last century, when jazz was born, America had no prominent music 0f its own. No one knows exactly when was invented orby whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1890s. Jazz is America\'s contribution to popular music. In contrast to classical music, which follows formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free in form. It bubbles with energy, ____ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s\' jazz sounded like America. and so it does today. The origins 0f the music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, orblacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to the Southern states as slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives formed a procession to carry to body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the body . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music, suited to the occasion. Furthermore 0n the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their numbers, but the living were glad to be alive . The band played happy music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes played at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form ofjazz. 【单选题】
A.disclosing
B.explaining
C.expressing
D.exposing
正确答案:C
答案解析:从跟后面这几个词(moods,interests,emotions)的搭配考虑,只能选expressing。
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