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2022年职称英语考试《综合类》考试共65题,分为单选题。小编为您整理概括大意与完成句子分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、A Strong Greenhouse Gas1 Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmospheres, it absorbs beat radiating from Earth\'s surface. That\'s why methane is a majorcontributorto the planet\'s increasing temperature rise orglobal warming. Molecule formolecule, methane\'s heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide, the most abundant greenhouse gas.2 With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world (100 million in the U. S. alone), it\'s no surprise that menace released by livestock is one of the chief sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources: petroleum, drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wetlands.3 Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth\'s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen. and without greenhouse gases to trap the sun\'s heat and warm the planet, life as we know it couldn\'t exist. But in the last200 years, human activity that requires burning oil, natural gas, and coal forenergy has magnified the greenhouse effect.4 Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame forthis often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a majorrole, too. In the past 40 years alone, the global cattle population has doubled.5 Cows munch mostly grasses and hay yet they grow big and hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The rumen holds 160 liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and protozoa break down cellulose and Fiber into digestible nutrients. A cow couldn\'t live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, trey release methane. The process occurs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, forexample), and it makes them very gassy. It\'s part of their normal digestion process. When they drew their cud, they regurgitate some food to rechew it, and all this gas comes out. The average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day.That\'s why we say livestock gas is also a majorfactorof causing the global warming.Methane is ____ to the intensifying greenhouse effect.【单选题】
A.one of tire majorcontributors
B.the ever-increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases
C.big and hefty cows
D.livestock\'s normal digestion process
E.how to cut down the cattle population
F.big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles
正确答案:A
答案解析:选A的依据在第1段的第2句和最后一句。
2、Fodd(1)Ford\'s great strength was the manufacturing process not invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known forpicking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891, although it was by no means the first popular automobile, the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.(2)The company\'s assembly line alone. threw America\'s Industrial Revolution into overdrive(高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford\'s friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Ford\' s Highland Park plant was humming (嗡嗡作响) along in 1914, the world\'s first automatic conveyorbelt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.(3)The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5 a day minimum Wage scheme, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average Wage in the auto industry then was $2. 34 fora9-hour shift. Ford not only doubled that he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much fordoing something that didn\'t involve an awful lot of training oreducation. The Wall Street Journal called the plan "an economic crime" and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.(4)But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Ford\'s dream to make the automobile accessible to all The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didn\'t matter, except formaking it possible formore people to buy cars.Ford\'s higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly ____【单选题】
A.criticized by the media
B.the low wage in the auto industry
C.own a car
D.Produce cars in large numbers
E.the 8-hour-shift practice
F.combined technology and market
正确答案:A
答案解析:A填入后整个句子说的是:Ford的高工资、低成本策略受到了传媒的批评。答案可以在第3和第4段中找到。
3、Continuing Education1 People around the world agree that education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate students only forthe aim of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them forlife. Life is varied; so is education.2 Ideas about education are more specified in the United States. Education today is not just a high school diploma ora college degree. Many adults are not interested in going to college. They are interested in other kinds of learning. Forthem, learning does not end with a diploma.3 Continuing education gives these adults the opportunity to increase their knowledge about their own field orto learn about a new field. It also gives them a chance to improve their old skills orto learn new ones. Scientists, mechanics, secretaries, barbers and cooks can take classes to improve their work skills. If they know more orlearn more, they can get a better job orearn more money.4 Continuing education classes give more adults the chance to learn new skills. There is usually a large variety of classes to choose from: typing, foreign cooking, photography, auto repair, furniture repair, orswimming. There are only some of the classes available.5 Some adults take classes forfun orbecause the class will be useful forthem. Other adults take continuing education classes to improve their own lives because they want to feel better about themselves.6 Almost any community college orpublic school system has a continuing education program. There are classes in schools, community buildings orchurches. Most classes are in the evenings, so working people can attend. The classes are usually small, and they are inexpensive.Paragraph 2 ____【单选题】
A.Ideas bout education in the U. S.
B.Advantages of continuing education
C.Good opportunity to learn new skills
D.Most classes are in the evening
E.Working people have easy access
F.Education helps cooks find a better job
正确答案:A
答案解析:第1段讲全世界人对教育的认识。第2段讲美国人对教育的理解:今天的教育不只为’拿到高等学校文凭或学位。很多成人对上大学不感兴趣,他们对其他类型的学习感兴趣。学习不是以拿学位而告终,因此选A。
4、RobotsThe most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America orEurope.Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices forsimply handling objects, today their commonest uses are formore skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF ormean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day fortwo years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small .sample.The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are________.【单选题】
A.too much energy
B.based on American designs
C.they are too costly
D.they are not reliable
E.quality control
F.free of charge
正确答案:B
答案解析:根据题干中的线索词the most sophisticated Japanese robots可定位到第一段第一句话:The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots,which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. B选项“based on American designs”是原句复现。显然B为正确答案。
5、Longer Lives Are Happier Lives1 In recent years, scientists have been studying ways to change the body\'s chemistry to reduce the signs and effects of aging.2 0negroupof researchers in Britain has performed experiments on a kind of worm. They have managed to increase the worm\'s normal life span of 20 days by up to 400%. They hope that they will be able to use this research to help humans live longer. However, this is a long way in the future. Another disadvantage is that when (orif) the new technology is successfully developed, it will probably be very expensive. The chance to live longer will only be available to a very few, very rich people.3 Anothergroupof scientists is studying people who have reached a very old age. They believe that this may show what has kept these people healthy and alive forso long. So, if we look at people who have lived into very old age, what do they have in common? Usually they have led a physically active life. This does not mean going to a gym orrunning ten miles every day. Simple, enjoyable activities like walking seem to be more likely to keep you healthy. Very old people also eat a good, varied diet. Simple foods like vegetable, rice, pasta and fish are the best.4 However, there may be one thing even more important than physical factors like diet and exercise. Research shows that personality, and the way a person thinks, play an important part in how long they will live. People who live into very old age always seem to enjoy life. They have a sense of humorand get satisfaction from simple things. They do not constantly think about the past, but are interested in the present and the future. They do not let life get boring, but have interests and hobbies which keep their minds active and they are open to new ideas. One Japanese man who lived to be 120 commented that the secret of his long life was "not worrying". To express it simply, people who are happy and positive about life are more likely to live longer.5 So, eat well, exercise well, and enjoy life, and you will have a good chance of living to a healthy, happy old age.Most people will not be able to use the new technology because ____【单选题】
A.Running 10 miles every day
B.It does not exist
C.They hope to find out what has made them live so long
D.walking
E.enjoy life
F.It will be very expensive
正确答案:F
答案解析:题干问的是:大多数人不会使用这项新技术的原因是什么?第2段末尾已经阐述的很清楚是费用昂贵。
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