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2022年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题,分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题,附答案解析,供您备考练习。
1、When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ orcell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill orcontain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region orcountry may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient\'s body to develop immunity to the virus ordisease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak ordead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body\'s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease\'s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient\'s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much forthe body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient\'s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately l in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3,000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970\'s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?【单选题】
A.The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.
B.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.
C.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.
D.The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.
正确答案:A
答案解析:细节考查题。题干问的是“天花疫苗这个例子说明了什么情况”。答案参见第三段:使用疫苗可能会带来负面结果。故正确答案为A。选项B、C、D的内容都不是这个例证所谈论的观点。
2、Driving after drinkingThe legal limitfordriving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, what you\'ve just eaten and what sort of drinks you\'ve had. Some people might reach their limitafter only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one ortwo drinks. Even if you\'re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour forthe body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, oryou could even find that you\'re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you\'ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one ortwo drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a setof movable posts…and the less able they were to do it! So the only way to be sure you\'re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a majorcause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, and road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you\'ve been drinking doesn\'t just affect you. If you\'re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill orinjure.You might be accused of drunk driving when____.【单选题】
A.you drive upon having some drinks
B.you become a helpless alcohol addict
C.your driving is found abnormal fordrinking
D.your alcohol percentage fails the test
正确答案:C
答案解析:细节考查题。题干“你可能会被指控醉酒驾驶”是对第二段第二句you could still be taken to court的同义改写,因此应参考该句的后半部分“if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol”(如果警官认为酒精已对你的驾驶产生影响),故正确答案为C。
3、Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a fiveyear research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer, They said patients are younger, especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumorresearch Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason forlung cancer," said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine TumorDiagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients forfive years. Among them, 1,433 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking orinhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report.However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women\'s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen.However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. "Unless my family and I don\'t eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook," said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad forthe skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less. "Doctors said women\'s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with him."Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer formen," said Dr. Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University\'s Medical College. "It\'s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. "His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poorquality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume fora long time, experts said.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?【单选题】
A.Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women
B.Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men
C.Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males
D.Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females
正确答案:D
答案解析:主旨题。题干考查的是研究者关于肺癌新趋势的结论。答案参见第二段:They said patients are younger,especially women(肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻,尤其是妇女”)。故正确答案为D。
4、 Happiness If your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money can\'t buy you happiness anyway. In one American study conducted in 1993, level of income was shown to have an inverse relation to happiness: Thegroupwhose income had declined was happier overall than thegroupwhose income had increased. A soon-to-be published review of the hundreds of studies on this subject supports the 1993 findings. In developed countries, the correlation between income and happiness is close to zero and sometimes negative. With a correlation between level of income and happiness somewhere between 0.12 and 0.18, the United States is near the bottom of the list; that factors other than income are overwhelmingly more important in explaining happiness. Also, as our material wealth increases, the gap between income and satisfaction with life seems to be widening. Predictably, money has its most positive effect on the poor, but once a person has achieved a minimal standard of living level of income has almost nothing to do with happiness. Close relationship, rather than money, is the key to happiness. Indeed, the number of one\'s personal friends is a much better indicatorof overall satisfaction with life than personal wealth. One stands a better chance of achieving a satisfying life by spending time with friends and family than by striving forhigher income. Incidentally, in the US, as people become richer, the probability of divorce increases. Our need forcompanionship is partly biological. All primates respond with pleasure to demonstrations of affection and with pain to loss of companionship. Isolated monkeys will sacrifice food just forthe glimpses of another monkey. By ignoring our biologically programmed need foreach other, we risk physical and mental distress. A recent cross-national study of mental depression in the US found that in advanced countries, there is a rising tide of majordepression. Teenage suicides have increased in recent decades in almost all advanced countries. Moreover, in the US since World War Ⅱ, there has been an actual decline in the proportion of people who report themselves to be "very unhappy. " You can easily test the claim that companionship exceeds wealth as a source of happiness. Ask yourself which has a greater influence on your satisfaction with life: your income orthe affection of your intimate companions and the well-being of your children? Conversely, which would make you more depressed: a reduction in salary ora divorce and isolation from your friends? Capitalism succeeds in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies and protecting family integrity. But developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. Forpoorer countries, the time is not yet ripe fora shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship. Can we afford to believe that the pursuit of material gain will lead to self-fulfillment? We should continue to enjoy our wealth in good company, orelse we may find that it is not satisfying. Which of the following is the least likely cause of one\'s unhappiness in advanced countries? 【单选题】
A.Loss of friends.
B.Reduction of income.
C.Death of a family member.
D.Divorce.
正确答案:B
答案解析:Capitalism (advanced countries) succeeded in creating material riches, but it is less successful in building companionable societies and protecting family integrity. (But developing countries still have much work to do in pursuing material wealth, where a rise in productivity still greatly increases happiness. Forpoorcountries, the time is not yet ripe fora shift in priorities from wealth accumulation to companionship. 该句说“资本主义(制度)(借助后句中分别出现的‘发展中国家’和‘穷国’,判断Capitalism是指“发达国家”)成功地创造了物质财富,但是它在建立和谐社会和保护家庭的完整上就不太成功”,从这个句子可以推出结论:资本主义国家的不足之处:不能很好地维持社会的和谐和家庭的完整应该是造成资本主义国家的人民不快乐的原因,选项A、C和D都涉及社会和家庭,因此判断B(收入的减少)是答案。
5、15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety DisorderSocial anxiety disorcerprevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.The disorcerleaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorcerhave symptoms for10 years ormore before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports."Social anxiety disorceris when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social orperformance situations," Jerilyn Ross, the association\'s president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday."The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people forfear of being judged orcriticized orhumiliated orembarrassing themselves," Ross said.Social anxiety disorcercan interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult forpeople to develop friends and romantic partnerships," she said.People with this disorcerrecognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. "But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.Social anxiety disorcercan start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, directorof the Center forAnxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professorof psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference."This is a disorcerthat starts affecting people early on," Pollack said. "The typical age of onsetis early adolescence, age 12 or13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood."The disorceralso has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said.Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn\'t want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.It can be seen from the last paragraph that treatment of the disorcer____.【单选题】
A.has no positive effect at all
B.is unavailable to most sufferers
C.tends to be refused by the sufferers
D.can lead to improvement in the sufferers\' lives
正确答案:D
答案解析:短文的最后一段表明,不少患者在经过治疗后都有好转。
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