2022年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Arctic MeltEarth\'s North ａｎｄ　South Poles are famous fｏｒbeing cold ａｎｄ　icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low. Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter ａｎｄ　shrinks during the summer. But fｏｒmany years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining. Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11. 4 percent ｄｒｅｐin end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 ａｎｄ　2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner. Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. ａｎｄ　it\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was ｓｅｔjust 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned. There may be several reasons fｏｒthe ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington at Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice ａｎｄ　open water. Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water ａｎｄ　the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5℃ warmer than average ａｎｄ　1.5℃ warmer than the previous record high. With both air ａｎｄ　water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above ａｎｄ　below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska ａｎｄ　western Canada, ice that measured 3. 3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season\'s end. The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research ａｎｄ　Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N. H. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "build" in the first sentence of the second paragraph?【单选题】

A.construct

B.extend

C.create

D.expand

正确答案:D

答案解析:本句意思为“每年冬天北极附近的北冰洋开始结冰”，build为“结冰”的意思，expand有“容积扩张”的意思，所以与build相符；而construct为“修筑、建筑”的意思，所以不能选。

2、HalloweenHalloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year. It means "holy evening", ａｎｄ　it comes every October 31, the evening before All-Saints Day. It used to be thought the most wonderful night of the year. It was the night when witches ａｎｄ　evil spirits came back on earth. People kept up many strange old customs in an effort to keep these evil things away. Farmers used to light big fires in their fields, ａｎｄ　the farm workers ａｎｄ　their families would walk around the fields singing old songs. Sometimes they would stop to hear the local priest offer prayers to the good spirits, ａｎｄ　ask them to help keep the evil ones away. Great care was taken that none of the farm animals were left in the fields. They would all be locked up safely in their stables, ａｎｄ　over each of the stable doors a few rowan leaves would be hung. Witches ａｎｄ　evil spirits would not go anywhere near the rowan tree. In more recent times, Halloween has become a time fｏｒthe parties, when children dress up as witches ａｎｄ　play all kinds of special games. After the games there is often a big supper with plenty of pumpkin pie, cakes ａｎｄ　a lot of other delicious things to eat. But fｏｒthe most part the children enjoy the fun of dressing up ａｎｄ　playing their favorite game of "Trick ｏｒTreat". They run down each street knocking on the doors crying loudly "Trick ｏｒTreat! Money ｏｒeat!", ａｎｄ　most people have some sweets ｏｒmoney ready to give them. Those that do not can expect maybe to have a tyre flattened, ｏｒtheir windows covered in soap. ｏｒthe children may just knock on the doｏｒａｎｄ　run away. Some children think of other people on Halloween. They carry boxes fｏｒUNICEF (The United Nations International Children\'s Emergency Fund). They ask fｏｒmoney to help poｏｒchildren all around the world. Of course, every time they help UNICEF, they usually receive a treat fｏｒthemselves, too. Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins ａｎｄ　put lights inside. It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin! These lights are called jack-o\'-lanterns, which means "Jack of the lantern". But in this modern age many of the pumpkins are being replaced with plastic electric ones that can be brought out each year. Which of the following statements about Halloween is FALSE, according to the text?【单选题】

A.Halloween has become a time fｏｒparties.

B.Children dress up as witches ａｎｄ　play special games.

C.People will enjoy a big supper with many delicious things to eat

D.Children will give sweets ｏｒmoney to their parents.

正确答案:D

答案解析:第4段讲了孩子们是怎样欢喜地过这个夜晚的，敲门索要糖果吃，如果不给他们吃的，可能你的轮胎就会被放气，窗户可能会被涂上肥皂。因此选项D的内容是错误的。

3、A special educationVideodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, ｏｒsocializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3-21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one ｏｒmore of the following ways: mentally retarded (发展迟缓的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, ｏｒother health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging. A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, ａｎｄ　indefatigable (孜孜不倦) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, ａｎｄ　designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educatｏｒWilliam Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc "adds an extra dimension of realism fｏｒchildren who need graphic representations."Healey explained that deaf ａｎｄ　mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative language ａｎｄ　higher-ｏｒｃｅｒlanguage concepts. He believes that fｏｒspecial education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken fｏｒgranted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms ａｎｄ　metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult fｏｒhandicapped learners. According to ProfessｏｒHealey, we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps____【单选题】

A.need graphic representations in ｏｒｃｅｒto understａｎｄ　higher-ｏｒｃｅｒlanguage concepts

B.are good at studying English idioms but often fail to grasp higher-ｏｒｃｅｒlanguage concepts

C.are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understａｎｄ　the world concepts

D.tend to be deaf as well ａｎｄ　have difficulty learning the simple concept "before ａｎｄ　after"

正确答案:A

答案解析:文章第3段前两句指出，希利教授解释说耳聋和智力发展迟缓的孩子很难明白比喻性的话语和较为复杂的语言概念，所以他们需要直观的图解，而影碟能够帮助他们，由此推断A正确。

4、Stress Lessen CourseDoreen Sykora is now a juniｏｒat McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, "I was always well prepared fｏｒmy examinations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, ａｎｄ　I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness ａｎｄ　fear". Histoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences. These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because when a student worries ａｎｄ　is stressed about a test, his ｏｒher mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write ｏｒthink clearly because of the severe tension ａｎｄ　nervousness. Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors ａｎｄ　psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress ａｎｄ　not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test. Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. "Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly ａｎｄ　carefully. I breathe easily ａｎｄ　let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I\'m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well". FｏｒHistoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more ａｎｄ　learning more. What\'s the purpose of some special university student-help courses?【单选题】

A.To help students to reduce test anxiety.

B.To show a stress level experienced by students.

C.To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.

D.To have a better understanding of test anxiety.

正确答案:A

答案解析:第3段第1句讲了现在有特殊的大学课程来帮助学生，进而详细讲了怎样帮助的。因此A是对的。

5、Waving With LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico, the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did without electricity. That\'s because it\'s too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live. To help support themselves, the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages. ａｎｄ　without electricity at home ｏｒon the road, they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark, they must stop whatever they\'re doing. Now, a team of scientists, designers, ａｎｄ　architects are using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets. The scientists\' technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes, bags, ｏｒother items. By collecting the sun\'s energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics "Portable Lights." Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy. "Our invention," Kennedy says, "came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States ａｎｄ　move it into new markets fｏｒpeople who didn\'t have a lot of money."At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes, ｏｒHB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, ａｎｄ　streetlights. LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs. Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights. Inside, electricity heats a metal coil to about 2,200 degrees Celsius. At that temperature, bulbs give of flight we can see. Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights, however, is heat ａｎｄ　invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken. LEDs, on the other hand, are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules that are arranged in a crystal structure. When an electric current passes through an LED, the crystal structure produces light. Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors. Within an LED, the type of molecules ａｎｄ　their particular arrangement determines what colｏｒis produced. What is the most important part of the Portable Light technology?【单选题】

A.HB LEDs.

B.Glass Bulbs.

C.Incandescent lights.

D.Heated metal coils.

正确答案:A

答案解析:第6段第1句提供了答案。Portable Lights技术的最主要部分是high-brightness light-emitting diodes，即高亮度发光二极管。