2022年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理概括大意与完成句子分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions ａｎｄ　mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" fｏｒthese volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size fｏｒsize, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, fｏｒexample, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, ａｎｄ　it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity ａｎｄ　global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up ａｎｄ　exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, directｏｒof the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall\'s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. ａｎｄ　it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted fｏｒthousands ｏｒmillions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, ａｎｄ　that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide ｏｒsulphur dioxide emissions. Paragraph 4____ 【单选题】

A.Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions

B.Association of Mass Extinction with Volcanic Eruption

C.Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions

D.A Mass Extinction

E.Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction

F.ccounting fｏｒthe Killing Power of Older Eruptions

正确答案:D

答案解析:A mass extinction意为“一次大量的生物灭绝”。文章的第一句话是这么说的：Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. 火山在远古更具毁灭性。这是文章的基本论点或基本假设。假设是需要证明的。第二、三段其实都是在证明这一基本假设。第三段还有这样一句话： older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recant rivals. 这个命题虽然可用来支持文章的基本假设，但是它本身也需要证明。第四段讲的是二叠纪生物灭绝，这是发生在远古的大规模的生物灭绝。这是一个证据，因此D是正确的。

2、 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing 1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. 2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 ｏｒ10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling ａｎｄ　staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep arid feeling refreshed after a night\'s sleep than 8-hour sleepers. 3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night\'s rest may not need to ｓｅｔaside more than 8 hours a night. He added that "it might be a good idea" fｏｒpeople who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. 4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep, fｏｒinstance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. 5 Fｏｒthe current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week ａｎｄ　whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning ａｎｄ　being unable to fall hack to sleep, ａｎｄ　having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. 6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 ａｎｄ　10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bad. "It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they\'ll spend a higher percentage of time awake," he said. Paragraph 2____ 【单选题】

A. Kripke\'s Research Tool

B.Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep

C. Criticism on Kripke\'s Report

D.A Way of Overcoming Insomnia

E.Sleep Problems of Long ａｎｄ　Shoat Sleepers

F.Classification of Sleep Problems

正确答案:E

答案解析:第二段列举了睡眠时间多于或少于8小时而带来的多种sleep problems.

3、Cancer1. Cancer is aｇｒｏｕｐof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow ａｎｄ　divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, ａｎｄ　old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ｏｒtumｏｒ肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal ａｎｄ　divide without control ｏｒorder.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth ａｎｄ　death of cells. Certain lifestyle ａｎｄ　environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun, ｏｒexposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace ｏｒin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, ａｎｄ　biological therapy. The doctｏｒmay use one method ｏｒa combination of methods, depending on the type ａｎｄ　location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age ａｎｄ　general health ａｎｄ　other factors. Because treatment fｏｒcancer can also damage healthy cells ａｎｄ　tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients ａｎｄ　doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells ａｎｄ　the risks of possible side effects.4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease ａｎｄ　the patient\'s tolerance fｏｒpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows ａｎｄ　presses against bones, organs, ｏｒnerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved ｏｒreduced with prescription medicines ｏｒover - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Paragraph 3 ______【单选题】

A.How is cancer treated?

B.Does cancer always cause pain?

C.Can cancer be prevented?

D.What is cancer?

E.How common is cancer?

F.What causes cancer?

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题难度也不大，段落主旨句比较明显，是文章第三段的第一句，谈到癌症治疗包括手术疗法，放射线疗法，化疗，激素疗法和生物疗法。回来看选项，A项How is cancer treated?，癌症如何治疗？简单概括了本段意思，是答案。

4、Cancer1. Cancer is aｇｒｏｕｐof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow ａｎｄ　divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, ａｎｄ　old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ｏｒtumｏｒ肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal ａｎｄ　divide without control ｏｒorder.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth ａｎｄ　death of cells. Certain lifestyle ａｎｄ　environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet(紫外线的) radiation from the sun, ｏｒexposure to carcinogens (致症物) in the workplace ｏｒin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.3. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy(化疗), hormone therapy, ａｎｄ　biological therapy. The doctｏｒmay use one method ｏｒa combination of methods, depending on the type ａｎｄ　location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age ａｎｄ　general health ａｎｄ　other factors. Because treatment fｏｒcancer can also damage healthy cells ａｎｄ　tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients ａｎｄ　doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighting the likely benefits of killing cancer cells ａｎｄ　the risks of possible side effects.4. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease ａｎｄ　the patient\'s tolerance fｏｒpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows ａｎｄ　presses against bones, organs, ｏｒnerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved ｏｒreduced with prescription medicines ｏｒover - the - counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Cancer patients may differ in their ______.【单选题】

A.side effects

B.prescription medicines

C.control ｏｒorder

D.tolerance fｏｒpain

E.various factors

F.different genes

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要认真寻找答案依据。答案依据在文章第第四段第二句话：Whether a patient has pain may depend on … ａｎｄ　the patients\' tolerance fｏｒpain，谈到病人是否感觉疼痛取决于癌症的类型，患病严重程度以及病人对疼痛的忍耐力，回来看选项，D项符合原文句意，是答案。

5、CancerCancer is aｇｒｏｕｐof many related diseases that begin in cells, the body\'s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow ａｎｄ　divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, ａｎｄ　old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth ｏｒtumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal ａｎｄ　divide without control ｏｒorder.Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth ａｎｄ　death of cells. Certain lifestyle ａｎｄ　environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, ｏｒexposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace ｏｒin the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy （化疗), hormone therapy, ａｎｄ　biological therapy. The doctｏｒmay use one method ｏｒa combination of methods, depending on the type ａｎｄ　location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient\'s age ａｎｄ　general health, ａｎｄ　other factors. Because treatment fｏｒcancer can also damage healthy cells ａｎｄ　tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients ａｎｄ　doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells ａｎｄ　the risks of possible side effects.Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, ａｎｄ　the patient\'s tolerance fｏｒpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows ａｎｄ　presses against bones, organs, ｏｒnerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved ｏｒreduced with prescription medicines ｏｒover-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Treatment fｏｒcancer may also bring about some【单选题】

A.prescription medicines

B.control ｏｒorder

C.tolerance fｏｒpain

D.various factors

E.normal genes

F.different genes side effects

正确答案:F

答案解析:根据题干线索词treatment定位原文至第三段，其中第三句提到 Because treatment fｏｒcancer can also damage healthy cells ａｎｄ　tissues, it often causes side effects，句中的it即指前句中提到的treatment fｏｒcancer，且句中cause与题干中的bring about意思均为“导致，引起”。由此推断，句中画线部分即为题干所需添加成分。而F选项different genes side effects属于原文复现，故为正确答案。