Probability Stated as Odds：Odds against E = [1 − PE]PE,if:successful;calculate the bet’s anticipated profit as follows:Win,Lossprobability of 0.167 for beating sales is odds of 1 to 5.

Total, Variable, Fixed, and Marginal Cost and Output：Variable,Fixed,Output:is the summation of all expenses that do not change as the level of production:varies.Total[Practice

Total, Average, and Marginal Product of Labor：Total,Average,Q:The aggregate sum of production for a firm during a time period. Usually:gathers the following information about the firm’s[PracticeMP = ΔTPΔL = 510 – 3203 – 2 = 1901 = 190.

Elasticity and Total Expenditure：expenditure move in the same direction.curve

Shifts in the AD and AS curves and Equilibriums：A decrease in AD lowers real GDP:contractions are associated with rising inflation and interest rates.

Other Variables Used as Economic Indicators：The“principal,capitaland so on.

What are the responsibilities of the members in reference to the CFA Institute?：Once accepted as a member:每年交述职报告和年费but must not over promise the competency and future investment results.Case

What members and candidates should notice in CFA examinations?：or security of the CFA examinations.（不能恶心CFA），考试不能作弊:考试内容要保密:A. No.:Responsibilities as a CFA Institute Member.right④Case

What laws,rules, and regulations should be known by members and candidates?：rules，必须遵守直接相关的法律），but this may be advisable in some circumstances and required by law in others. （没有要求一定要将违法行为报告政府）也会被认为是参与违法行为）