下载亿题库APP
联系电话:400-660-1360
请谨慎保管和记忆你的密码,以免泄露和丢失
请谨慎保管和记忆你的密码,以免泄露和丢失
小伙伴们,托业考试大家复习的怎么样了呢?下面是帮考网分享的一些托业考试听力部分的复习资料,一起来看看吧!
考古中的relative dating和absolute dating:
Dating Methods in Archaeology
If there is one fundamental issue on which most archaeologists can generally agree, it is the importance of chronology in studying the past. Although one of the most important contributions that archaeology can make is the study of cultures over long time spans, control of the time dimension is crucial in almost all kinds of archaeological research. In studying the archaeological record, the archaeologist needs to differentiate those materials that are contemporary and those that reflect the passage of time. Given the importance of establishing the temporal relationships of archaeological remains, it is not surprising that until the introduction of dating techniques from the physical sciences (e.g., chemistry and nuclear physics), issues of chronology dominated archaeology. Archaeologists can now access a wide variety of techniques to estimate the age of archaeological remains, and can now turn their attention to issues other than chronology.
The dating methods used by archaeologists vary considerably in precision and the nature of the material actually dated. Age determinations for archaeological materials may be direct or indirect. Direct dates are derived from the actual artifact, feature or ecofact to determine the age of the material. Indirect dates are based on material associated with the archaeological item of interest. For example, ash in an ancient hearth can be dated by the radiocarbon dating method (discussed below) and other material, such as pottery, stone tools, and fragments of animal bone associated with the hearth, can then be indirectly assigned the same age. This assignment, however, assumes that there is sufficient evidence indicating that both the hearth and the artifacts reflect the same contemporaneous event, thus allowing the extension of the direct date to the other related material.
Dates may be relative or absolute in their scale of measurement. Relative dating simply orders remains into a ranked chronological sequence, where the age of each is relative (i.e., earlier than later than, or contemporary) to the others. The preliminary steps in most archaeological research usually employ relative dating methods to order artifacts, features and sites into temporal sequences. Absolute dating provides a specific calendar age estimate (e.g., 1000 years ago), thus allowing determination of the actual amount of time difference between absolute dates. Although absolute dates provide a calendar age, they vary in their precision, as many have an uncertainty factor attached that indicates a range of time rather than a specific date.
Although dating methods are used to determine the age of objects and events, these dates are ordered to establish a chronology that provides a temporal framework in which the archaeological material can be placed. This chronology-building process is the foundation for archaeological studies. In this chapter, we examine some of the major techniques that have been developed to date the archaeological past and material from the archaeological record.
好了,以上就是今天分享的全部内容了,各位小伙伴根据自己的情况进行查阅,希望本文对各位有所帮助,预祝各位取得满意的成绩,如需了解更多相关内容,请关注帮考网!
新托业考试的听力和阅读部分在中国什么时候开始实施?:新托业听力和阅读考试将于2007年11月25日在中国开始实施。
托业听力与阅读考试结束后什么时候能查成绩?:托业听力与阅读考试结束后什么时候能查成绩?在公开考试结束后2周,考生即可以在线查询考试成绩,考试结束4周后,托业考试中国管理中心将向考生邮寄成绩证书。
托业考试听力可不可以提前看题?:托业考试听力可不可以提前看题?首先,有一些书上教的听力时间策略是针对正常考试的,可是现在托业已经实施机考的,所以他教的时间安排策略没有用了已经。听力考试全程都是机器控制的,你只能点选项,其余的都操作不了。
2020-05-19
2020-05-19
2020-05-19
2020-05-18
2020-05-18
微信扫码关注公众号
获取更多考试热门资料