小伙伴们，托业考试大家复习的怎么样了呢？下面是帮考网分享的一些托业考试阅读部分的复习资料，一起来看看吧！

一、巴西监狱系统近期推出一项减刑新规，读一本书减四天刑。这项新规将在巴西四所联邦监狱实行，服刑人员如果能在一年内读完12本文学、哲学、科学或者经典类著作，便可获得最高48天的减刑。据新规规定，服刑人员读一本书的时限为四周，读完之后还需提交一份“语言通顺、文法正确、字迹清晰”的论文。然后由一个特别评估小组来决定哪些服刑人员能够加入“读书救赎”计划。

Brazil will offer inmates in its crowded federal penitentiary system a novel way to shorten their sentences: four days less for every book they read.

Inmates in four federal prisons holding some of Brazil\\'s most notorious criminals will be able to read up to 12 works of literature, philosophy, science or classics to trim a maximum 48 days off their sentence each year, the government announced.

Prisoners will have up to four weeks to read each book and write an essay which must "make correct use of paragraphs, be free of corrections, use margins and legible joined-up writing," said the notice published on Monday in the official gazette.

A special panel will decide which inmates are eligible to participate in the program dubbed "Redemption through Reading".

"A person can leave prison more enlightened and with an enlarged vision of the world," said Sao Paulo lawyer Andre Kehdi, who heads a book donation project for prisons.

"Without doubt they will leave a better person," he said.

二、Most of us are familiar with calluses.

These extra-tough patches of skin are generally quite useful–we might even say handy–because they act like a kind of natural armor, protecting areas of skin that get an unusual amount of wear and tear. Have you ever wondered exactly what a callus is, or how it forms on your skin?

Callus formation is triggered by pressure or abrasion. The heel of your foot as it rubs inside your shoe, or the palm of your hand if you’re doing a lot of manual labor are good examples of this.

While it might feel like a callus is something extra, added to your skin, it’s actually just a build-up of what’s already there.

Here’s How It Works

Your skin has a number of layers of different types of cells.

The outermost is a layer of hardened, dead cells. This top layer is usually about twenty-five cells thick, and it constantly replaces itself as the outermost cells flake off to be replaced by new hardened, dead cells underneath.

All About Friction

If your skin is subject to an unusual amount of friction, this layer of dead cells increases. New dead cells are added faster than the old ones slough away. This can build up the outer layer from twenty-five cells thick to over a hundred cells thick. You’ve grown a callus.

While calluses are generally useful, if the process continues unchecked a callus can thicken into a cone-shaped structure called a corn. These super calluses can be quite painful, and may require the attention of a doctor.

译文

对于“老茧”，我们都很熟悉。

这些皮肤上突出的硬皮是很有用的，也可以说是方便，因为他们扮演着保护常磨损皮肤的天然盔甲的角色。你是否思考过什么是老茧?他又是怎样形成的?

老茧是由压力和摩擦而形成。脚后跟的茧是由其在鞋里摩擦而形成，正如手茧是在大量的劳动过程中形成。

尽管看起来似乎是皮肤上多出的部分，然而事实是已经存在的皮肤角质的累积。

形成过程

皮肤是由若干层不同类型的皮肤构成。

表层是一些坏死的硬细胞，通常有25个细胞那么厚，表层细胞不断的脱落，取而代之的是下层硬的坏死细胞，由此而完成自我更替过程。

一切皆由摩擦引起。

假如皮肤受到不寻常量的摩擦，这层坏死细胞将会增加，新的坏死细胞增长速度比旧细胞脱落的速度快，这就致使皮肤表层的厚度增加到100个细胞那么厚，由此，老茧便形成。

虽然一般来讲，茧是有益的，但如不控制其过程，老茧厚度就会增加到被称作鸡眼的锥形结构，那样就会很疼，甚至需要去看医生。

好了，以上就是今天分享的全部内容了，各位小伙伴根据自己的情况进行查阅，希望本文对各位有所帮助，预祝各位取得满意的成绩，如需了解更多相关内容，请关注帮考网！