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托福阅读背景学问文章：站着办公的风险 

A new study says that standing up at your desk doesn’t actually decrease your risk of death-by-office, unless you’re physically active otherwise. 

新研讨标明：除非经常锻炼，否则站着工作也不会降低猝死风险。 

After several studies asserted that sitting at work all day is slowly killing us, researchers at the University of Exeter and University College London took another look at the claims. The Washington Post reports: 

此前，已有多项研讨标明，久坐会渐渐地致人死亡。但埃克塞特大学和伦敦大学学院的几位研讨员却从另一角度停止了研讨。华盛顿邮报报道： 

Researchers tracked 16 years’ worth of health data from 5,132 people in the Whitehall II study cohort. Participants reported their total time sitting and how long they sat during four different situations: at work, watching television, leisure time and non-television leisure time. Researchers also tracked time spent walking daily and on physical activity. 

此次研讨的调查对象来自白厅二级定群研讨，共5132人。研讨人员对他们长达16年的安康数据停止了跟踪。调查对象需汇报他们坐下的总时长，以及在四种不同场所——工作、看电视、业余活动，以及不看电视的业余活动——分别坐下的时长。研讨人员还跟踪调查了他们每日步行和运动的时长。 

After controlling for a number of factors, including diet and general health, researchers found the overall mortality risk for these participants wasn’t influenced by how long they sat or by the kind of sitting. And the researchers cautioned that too much emphasis on not sitting shouldn’t take the place of promoting physical activity. 

研讨人员在控制了包括饮食、整体安康在内的许多变量后，发现：调查对象的总死亡率不受久坐时间和坐姿的影响。研讨人员劝诫称，人们不应过份强调久坐的风险，而无视强调运动的重要。 

What’s particularly interesting about the study, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, is that researchers didn’t just focus on sitting during the workday, but factored in all kinds of sitting-specific data as well as rates of physical activity. Their conclusion was that “sitting time was not associated with all-cause mortality risk.” Basically, more elements are in play than just whether you’re sitting down at work, and your levels of physical activity are the greatest health indicator. 

这项研讨发表在《国际盛行病学杂志》上。其中特别有趣的是，研讨员没有只研讨人们在工作时的久坐状况，还思索到了各种相关数据和运动频率。其结论是“久坐与全因死亡率无关”。总而言之，影响安康的元素很多，不只仅在于能否在工作时久坐。最能表现安康情况的是锻炼状况。 

So what does this all mean? It appears that the act of working while standing up—which has become a trendy thing to do, especially in tech offices—doesn’t help your health, if you’re not actually exercising otherwise. If you never make it to the gym, you might as well just sit down. This is good news for the makers of treadmill desks, however. 

所以这到底意味着什么?如今盛行站着办公，科技公司尤为突出。但是假如不锻炼，站着工作也似乎没什么用;假如永远都不去健身，还不如就坐着呢。这对跑步机办公桌的消费商来说，可是个好音讯。 

The last office where I worked jumped on the standing desk trend hard, installing desks that could be raised for all workers. They also had a treadmill desk, and a bike desk. While the option to stand is certainly nice as a change in the middle of a monotonous workday, this research suggests it’s not the cure-all that adherents would like to claim. 

我之前工作的中央勉强跟上了站立式办公桌的潮流，装上了可随意调理高度的桌子。此外，还有一张跑步机办公桌和一张自行车办公桌。当然，在乏味的工作之余能站着工作也是个不错的选择，但研讨标明，站着工作并不是所谓的万灵丹。 

“Our study overturns current thinking on the health risks of sitting and indicates that the problem lies in the absence of movement rather than the time spent sitting itself,” study author Melvyn Hillsdon of the University of Exeter said in a statement. “Any stationary posture where energy expenditure is low may be detrimental to health, be it sitting or standing.” 

“我们的研讨推翻了当下人们对久坐危害的认知，并指出危害安康的缘由在于缺乏锻炼，而不是久坐，”来自埃克塞特大学的研讨作者梅尔文·希尔斯顿在一份声明中说道。“身体静止不动，能量耗费就低，从而危害安康，不论是坐着还是站着都一样。” 

The takeaway here is companies that truly want to assist worker health should invest money in options like free exercise classes and gym reimbursements. They should encourage employees to go outside and actually walk around, not simply stand up at their computers. And maybe it means that everyone who insists that standing up is the only way to work can climb down off their high desk. 

这标明，真正关怀员工安康的公司应该把钱花在购置免费运动课程和报销健身费用上。公司应鼓舞员工走出办公室，四处走走，而不是只在电脑前站着工作。或许这意味着那些深信“站着是独一处理方法”的人终于能从高高的桌子上爬下来了。

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