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Issue题目分享DAY8

第一类社会

少数和多数

89. "Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."

领导者主要是由身负的责任所造就的。

Generally speaking, leaders are the results of a combination of internal qualities and external conditions.

1. The demands place upon a person could challenge him or her to become a leader.

2. However, the statement seems to suggest that anybody can become a leader if demands are placed on him or her, which is unwarranted.

3. Besides opportunities, one also need to have certain qualities to make a leader.

时势造英雄

93. "The concept of \\\'individual responsibility\\\' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people\\\'s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."

1. The claim that individual responsibility is a necessary fictions has some merit in that a society where individuals are not held accountable for their actions and choices is a lawless one, devoid of any order whatsoever.

2. A correlative argument for individual responsibility involves the fact that lawless, or anarchist, states give way to despotic rule by strong individuals who seize power.

3. As for the speaker’s second claim, it flies in the face of our everyday experiences in making choices and decisions.

少数和多数之个人责任

113. "It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."

如果我们要定位自己，最重要是要定位自己所处的社会团体。

I strongly agree that we define ourselves primarily through our identification with social groups, as the speaker asserts.

1. Any developmental psychologist would agree that socialization with other children plays a critical role in any child’s understanding and psychological development of self.

2. As children progress to the social world of the playground and other after-school venues, their earlier recognition that they relate more closely to some people than to others evolves into a desire to form well-defined social groups, and to set these groups apart from others.

3. However, as young adults take on the responsibilities of partnering, parenting, and working, they appear to define themselves less by their social affiliations and more by their marital status, parental status, and occupation.

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