- 阅读理解A
题干：Theadage"likeakidatheart"maybetruerthanwethink,sinceanewresearchisshowingthatgrown-upsaremoreimmaturethanever.Specifically,itseemsagrowingnumberofpeopleareretainingthebehaviorsandattitudesassociatedwithyouth.Asaconsequence,manyolderpeoplesimplyneverachievementaladulthood,accordingtoaleadingexpertonevolutionarypsychiatry.Amongscientists,thephenomenoniscalledpsychologicalneoteny.Thetheory’screatorisBruceCharlton,aprofessorintheSchoolofBiologyattheUniversityofNewcastleuponTyne,England.Charltonexplainedthathumanshaveaninherentattractiontophysicalyouth,sinceitcanbeasignoffertility,healthandvitality.Inthemid-20thcentury,however,anotherforcekickedin,duetoincreasingneedforindividualstochangejobs,learnnewskills,movetonewplacesandmakenewfriends.Achild-likeflexibilityofattitudes,behaviorsandknowledgeisprobablyadaptivetotheincreasedinstabilityofthemodernworld.Formaleducationnowextendswellpastphysicalmaturity,leavingstudentswithmindsthatare,hesaid,“unfinished”.Whenformaleducationcontinuesintotheearlytwenties,itprobably,toanextent,counteractstheattainmentofpsychologicalmaturity,whichwouldotherwiseoccurataboutthisage.Charltonpointedoutthepastculturesoftenmarkedtheadventofadulthoodwithinitiationceremonies.Whilethehumanmindrespondstonewinformationoverthecourseofanyindividual’slifetime,Charltonarguesthatpastphysicalenvironmentsweremorestableandallowedforastateofpsychologicalmaturity.Inhunter-gatherersocieties,thatmaturitywasprobablyachievedduringaperson’slateteensorearlytwenties.Bycontrast,manymodernadultsfailtoattainthismaturity,andsuchfailureiscommonandindeedcharacteristicofhighlyeducatedand,onthewhole,effectiveandsociallyvaluablepeople.Peoplesuchasacademics,teachers,scientistsandmanyotherprofessionalsareoftenstrikinglyimmatureoutsideoftheirstrictlyspecialistcompetenceinthesenseofbeingunpredictable,unbalancedinpriorities,andtendingtooverreact.Charltonaddedthatsincemodernculturesnowfavorcognitiveflexibility,“immature”peopletendtothriveandsucceed,andhavesetthetonenotonlyforcontemporarylife,butalsoforthefuture,whenitispossiblethatourgenesmayevenchangeasaresultofthepsychologicalshift.Thefaultsofyouthareretainedalongwiththevirtues,hebelieves.Theseincludeshortattentionspan,sensationandnovelty-seeking,shortcyclesofarbitraryfashionandasenseofculturalshallowness.Atleastyouthfulnessisnolongerrestrictedtoyouth,hesaid,duetooverallimprovementsinfoodandhealthcare,alongwithcosmetictechnologies.DavidBrooks,asocialcommentatorandacolumnistatTheNewYorkTimes,hasdocumentedasomewhatrelatedphenomenonconcerningthecurrentblurringofthebourgeoisworldofcapitalismandthebohemiancounterculture,whichCharltonbelievesisaversionofpsychologicalneoteny.Brooksbelievessuchindividualshavelostthewisdomandmaturityoftheirbourgeoispredecessorsduetomoreemphasisplacedonexpertise,flexibilityandvitality.
题目： Psychological adulthood was more easily achieved in a more primitive society in that（）. - A 、people had different sites of scientific interest
- B 、people did not have to respond to new situations
- C 、people had to live on their own after the initiation ceremonies
- D 、there was less instability during an individual’s lifetime
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
本题的答案出自文章第三段，题干中的the primitive society等同于文中的the past physical environment。 第二句话提到“虽然在每个人整个一生中，人的心智都会对新信息做出反应，但是查尔顿认为，过去的现实环境更为稳定，有利于心理成熟状态的形成。”因此答案是D。
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