- 阅读理解A
题干：Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe.Suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissistic(自我陶醉的)personalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwellbeing,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inhisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLaschsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor”.Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitarian(极权主义的)societies,ourcultureisoneofgreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversity,butjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avision—aboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolation,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness.Inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.
题目： In the author's view, the greatest trouble with the US society lies in the（）. - A 、lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life
- B 、nonexistence of unanimity on the forms the society should take
- C 、general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be
- D 、public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
题干中的the greatest trouble (最大的难题)相当于本文第1句中的what… suffers from most (……遭遇的最大问题)，故答案应与此句相符合。B项中的nonexistence of unanimity on (对……无一致意见)与句中的absence of consensus about 同义；the forms the society should take （社会应是什么样式）与句中的what is (指society)ought to be, 虽表达形式不同，但意思一致，为正确答案。A项与题意相反，C项general denying (普通否认)，D项的public negation (公众的否定)都是错误的推论。
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