- 阅读理解A
题干：Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld，somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals：theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame，andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today'svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago-Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught，sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem，leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore，intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.
题目：The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____. - A 、large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment
- B 、small species survived as large animals disappeared
- C 、large sea animals may face the same threat today
- D 、slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
推理题。第一段第二、三句提到了大型史前动物的灭绝及其原因。接着文章指出，现在类似 的事情也可能发在海洋中。文章之后各段都在围绕海洋物种展开论述。因此可以推出，首 段提到“陆地上大型史前动物的灭绝”是为了引出下文中“海洋生物的灭绝”。C选项符合文章主旨。
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