- 阅读理解A
题干：Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents—thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree—lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.Theirthesis—thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact—wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents."BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents'likethem'canimprove."
题目： We may infer from the last paragraph that （）. - A 、universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
- B 、students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
- C 、social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
- D 、colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
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参考答案【正确答案：D】
根据" And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students"（大学不谈不同学生群体间的阶级优势和劣势使得成就差距问题更加显著）。这就意味着学校应该为目前的问题负部分责任，可知D项"大学对文中所讨论的问题（成就差距）部分负有责任"正确。
根据" the middle-class culture of higher education"（高等教育的中产阶级文化）可知，A项"大学常拒绝中产阶级文化"错误。B项未提及。根据" because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experience"（因为美国的学院和大学很少承认社会阶级会影响学生的教育经历）可知 C项"社会阶级极大地有助于丰富教育经历"错误，文中只用了" affect"，并未言明是丰富还是降低。
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