- 阅读理解A
题干：Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe.Suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissistic(自我陶醉的)personalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwellbeing,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inhisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLaschsaysthatmodernman,“torturedbyself-consciousness,turnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor”.Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclined,andwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitarian(极权主义的)societies,ourcultureisoneofgreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversity,butjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avision—aboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolation,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness.Inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.
题目： Homer's epics mentioned in Paragraph 1 exemplify the fact that（）. - A 、the present is varying too fast to be caught up easily
- B 、the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable
- C 、the past can help to shape a consensus in the present
- D 、the present determines social moralities for later generations
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参考答案【正确答案：C】
该段A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer’s epics (史诗) informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies. 因此对现实的共识只能从对过去共同认识中产生，就像人们在几个世纪后才认识到荷马的诗史对希腊人的影响一样，很久才能意识到社会生活应该如何组织，理想和信念应该如何实现。以as (像……一样)引入Homer’s epics (荷马史诗)就是要举例证明其主句的说法。据此，C项可取。其余3项不合句意。
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