- 阅读理解A
题干：Newscientificstudiesrevealthehiddencostsofmultitaskingastechnologyincreasinglytemptspeopletodomorethanonethingatatime.WhetherpeopletogglebetweenbrowsingtheWebandusingothercomputerprograms,talkoncellphoneswhiledriving,pilotjumbojetsormonitorairtraffic,they’reusingtheir“executivecontrol”processes—thementalCEO—foundtobeassociatedwiththebrain’skeyneuralregions.Theseinterrelatedcognitiveprocessesestablishprioritiesamongtasksandallocatethemind’sresourcestothem.“Peoplehavespecificmentalresourceswhoseeffectiveuserequiressupervisionthroughexecutivementalcontrol,”saysDavidMeyer,Ph.D.attheUniversityofMichigan.Tobetterunderstandexecutivecontrol,aswellasthehumancapacityformultitaskinganditslimitations,JoshuaRubinstein,Ph.D.ofU.S.FederalAviationAdministration,andDavidMeyer,studiedpatternsintheamountsoftimelostwhenpeopleswitchedrepeatedlybetweentwotasksofvaryingcomplexityandfamiliarity.Thefindingsrevealedthatforalltypesoftasks,subjectslosttimewhentheyhadtoswitchfromonetasktoanother,andtimecostsincreasedwiththecomplexityofthetasks,soittookasignificantlylongtimetoswitchbetweenmorecomplextasks.Timecostswerealotgreaterwhensubjectsswitchedtotasksthatwererelativelyunfamiliar.Theygot“uptospeed”fasterwhentheyswitchedtotaskstheyknewbetter,anobservationthatmayleadtointerfacesdesignedtohelpovercomepeople’sinnatecognitivelimitations.Theresearcherssaytheirresultssuggestthatexecutivecontrolinvolvestwodistinct,complementarystages:goalshifting(“Iwanttodothisnowinsteadofthat”)andruleactivation(I’mturningofftherulesforthatandturningontherulesforthis”).Bothstageshelppeopleunconsciouslyswitchbetweentasks.Ruleactivationitselftakessignificantamountsoftime,severaltenthsofasecond—whichcanaddupwhenpeopleswitchbackandforthrepeatedlybetweentasks.Thus,multitaskingmayseemmoreefficientonthesurface,butmayactuallytakemoretimeintheend.Accordingtotheresearchers,thisinsightintoexecutivecontrolmayhelppeoplechoosestrategiesthatmaximizetheirefficiencywhenmultitasking.Theinsightmayalsoweighagainstmultitasking.Forexample,Meyerpointsout,amerehalfsecondoftimelosttotaskswitchingcanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforadriverusingacellphone,becauseduringthetimethatthecarisnottotallyundercontrol,itcantravelfarenoughtocrashintoobstaclesthatthedrivermighthaveotherwiseavoided.
题目： The example about the driver in Paragraph 3 is used to illustrate that（）. - A 、multitasking is not as efficient as people have expected and may take more time
- B 、multitasking should be avoided in some cases for the sake of safety
- C 、car drivers should not drive so fast when using a cell phone at the same time
- D 、car drivers should shift his goals consciously to avoid the accidents
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参考答案【正确答案：B】
例证。文章第三段倒数第二句指出，对于行政控制的理解可能会反对人们同时处理多种任务。梅尔指出，人们在转换任务时仅仅丢失的半秒钟，对一个使用手机的司机来说，有可能就意味着生与死的差别。故本题的正确答案为B，即该例子是为了说明在某些情况下，为了人们的安全应该避免同时处理多个任务。
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