2023年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、BaseballThere are people in Italy who can\'t stａｎｄ　soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn ｏｒeven frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it\'s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet ａｎｄ　gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there\'s the sport that glorifies "the hit".By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent ａｎｄ　still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays ａｎｄ　close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space ａｎｄ　time fｏｒinvolvement. The TV won\'t do it fｏｒyou.Take, fｏｒexample, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout ａｎｄ　you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms ｏｒbring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right ｏｒleft, backward ｏｒforward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman\'s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. "Nothing happened," you say. "I could have had my eyes closed".The skeptic ａｎｄ　the innocent must play the game. ａｎｄ　this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood if football is a symphony of movement ａｎｄ　theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores ａｎｄ　responses.By stating "I could have had my eyes closed" the authｏｒmeans ____.【单选题】

A.The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.

B.Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result.

C.The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time ａｎｄ　do his work well.

D.The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.

正确答案:B

答案解析:第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景： 拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，做好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。

2、Driving after drinkingThe legal ｌｉｍｉｔfｏｒdriving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, what you\'ve just eaten ａｎｄ　what sort of drinks you\'ve had. Some people might reach their ｌｉｍｉｔafter only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one ｏｒtwo drinks. Even if you\'re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour fｏｒthe body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, ｏｒyou could even find that you\'re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you\'ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one ｏｒtwo drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a ｓｅｔof movable posts…ａｎｄ　the less able they were to do it! So the only way to be sure you\'re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a majｏｒcause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, ａｎｄ　road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you\'ve been drinking doesn\'t just affect you. If you\'re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill ｏｒinjure.You might be accused of drunk driving when____.【单选题】

A.you drive upon having some drinks

B.you become a helpless alcohol addict

C.your driving is found abnormal fｏｒdrinking

D.your alcohol percentage fails the test

正确答案:C

答案解析:细节考查题。题干“你可能会被指控醉酒驾驶”是对第二段第二句you could still be taken to court的同义改写，因此应参考该句的后半部分“if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol”（如果警官认为酒精已对你的驾驶产生影响），故正确答案为C。

3、The Only Way Is Up Think of a modem city ａｎｄ　the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don\'t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers. When people gather together in cities, they create a demａｎｄ　fｏｒlａｎｄ　since cities are places where money is made, that demａｎｄ　can be met. ａｎｄ　the best way to make money out of city lａｎｄ　is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground that means building upwards. The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough fｏｒpeople on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, ｏｒhome. Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift ｏｒelevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine ａｎｄ　develop the elevatｏｒbrake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects ａｎｄ　builders. A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists ａｎｄ　others who study human behaviｏｒfind lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. "It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us ａｎｄ　you just can\'t choose to move away," says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says. Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stａｎｄ　close to the door. Others hide in the comers. Most people try ａｎｄ　shrink into the background but some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stａｎｄ　in a comer taking notes. Don\'t worry about them. They are probably from a university.Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviｏｒbecause____.【单选题】

A.here humans behave the way animals do

B.people in a lift are all scared

C.here some people take notes

D.in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks

正确答案:D

答案解析:电梯的空间狭小，相对拥挤，人们想要享有私人空间的要求在这里成了幻想，如同关在动物园的笼子里的动物一般，这为心理学家提供了一个研究在这种情况下人的行为的难得的机会。

4、Smart Window Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use fｏｒlighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark ａｎｄ　anywhere in between with a flip of a switch. "It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He\'s a professｏｒof solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It\'s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. " So, windows ａｎｄ　natural light are important fｏｒimproving the way people feel when they\'re stuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy ａｎｄ　temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it\'s hot ａｎｄ　sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat ａｎｄ　energy. ａｎｄ　all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a majｏｒfocus of energy research fｏｒa long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies fｏｒcoating, glazing, ａｎｄ　layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. Fｏｒexample, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied ａｎｄ　dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until it\'s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear ｏｒdark. One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory. " All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. "In the future," Granqvist says, "our buildings may look different. When are windows the weak link in a building? 【单选题】

A. In the cold winter.

B.In the hot summer.

C.When air conditioners are turned on.

D.Both A ａｎｄ　B.

正确答案:D

答案解析:短文第三段的第一句说：windows are the weak link in a building，接下来是对这句话分寒冬和炎夏做了说明，所以D是正确选择。

5、Early childhood educationIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement ａｎｄ　economic success, fｏｒpossible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find in most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese ａｎｄ　210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, ａｎｄ　parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children fｏｒsuccessful careers in first grade ａｎｄ　beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, ａｎｄ　mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, ａｎｄ　the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese ａｎｄ　American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with aｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three reasons fｏｒa society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listedｇｒｏｕｐexperience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of theｇｒｏｕｐseen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training ｏｒpotential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary ａｎｄ　secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children\'s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools ａｎｄ　universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out fｏｒthe heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.In Japan\'s preschool education, the focus is on ____.【单选题】

A.preparing children academically

B.developing children\'s artistic interests

C.tapping children\'s potential

D.shaping children\'s character

正确答案:D

答案解析:A选项与全文的中心思想不符；B、C选项是片面的概括；D选项把文中提到的persistence，concentration. ａｎｄ　the ability. to function as a member of a group很好的概括为shaping children\'s character，故D为正确的选项。