2024年职称英语考试《卫生类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理精选模拟习题10道，附答案解析，供您考前自测提升！

1、Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago, life expectancy in developed countries was about 47 in the early 21st century, men in the United States ａｎｄ　the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, ａｎｄ　these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest ____ of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute ａｎｄ　oftenhighly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases ａｎｄ　others, ａｎｄ　the weak ａｎｄ　elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far less deadly today, ａｎｄ　in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors have led to this: improvements in sanitation ａｎｄ　hygiene, the discovery ａｎｄ　use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, ａｎｄ　vaccinations against common diseases. In addition , people\'s general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food, better ａｎｄ　warmer housing, ａｎｄ　better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease ａｎｄ　strokes, ａｎｄ　those spread by viruses, such as influenza ａｎｄ　AIDS. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease ａｎｄ　illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【单选题】

A.people

B.killers

C.invention

D.nation

正确答案:B

答案解析:从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。

2、Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in TeensWhile some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto ａｎｄ　the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually increasedepressive symptoms in some teens."This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived emotional benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto." Although cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects ｏｒto improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms. "As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French ａｎｄ　English participants, urban ａｎｄ　rural schools, ａｎｄ　schools ____ in high, moderate ａｎｄ　low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Participants were divided into three groups: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood ｏｒphysical state; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had trouble going to sleep ｏｒstaying asleep; felt unhappy, sad, ｏｒdepressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy ｏｒtense; ａｎｄ　worried too much about things."Smokers who used cigarettes as mood improvers had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer O\'Loughlin, a professｏｒat the University of Montreal Department of Social ａｎｄ　Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms."The association between depression ａｎｄ　smoking exists principally among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It\'s important to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton.【单选题】

A.exposed

B.expanded

C.located

D.detected

正确答案:C

答案解析:科学家在选择问卷对象时注意了代表性，入选的青少年既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有农村的。接下来的问题是：在schools和in high，moderate ａｎｄ　low socioeconomic neighborhoods（高档社区、中档社区和低档社区）之间选哪个词才符合上下文的意思呢？很明显，这些学校有位于高档社区的，也有位于中档和低档社区的。所以选项C的located是答案。

3、Driving after drinkingThe legal ｌｉｍｉｔfｏｒdriving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, what you\'ve just eaten ａｎｄ　what sort of drinks you\'ve had. Some people might reach their ｌｉｍｉｔafter only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one ｏｒtwo drinks. Even if you\'re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour fｏｒthe body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, ｏｒyou could even find that you\'re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you\'ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one ｏｒtwo drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a ｓｅｔof movable posts…ａｎｄ　the less able they were to do it! So the only way to be sure you\'re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a majｏｒcause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, ａｎｄ　road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you\'ve been drinking doesn\'t just affect you. If you\'re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill ｏｒinjure.Alcohol is the majｏｒcause of traffic accidents because____.【单选题】

A.more than 30％ road casualties are drink drivers

B.drinking affects people\'s mind ａｎｄ　emotion

C.about one-third drivers are used to drinking

D.young drivers are familiar among traffic victims

正确答案:B

答案解析:细节考查题。题干考查的是为什么酒精是交通事故的主要原因。文中多处提到喝酒会影响“driving ability”，故正确答案为B，其他三个选项并非题干的原因。

4、Importance of Children\'s Oral HealthFebruary is National Children\'s Dental(牙齿的) Health Month, but in children good oral(口部的) care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation\'s oral health, released recently by the Office of the U. S. Surgeon General, calls dental ａｎｄ　oral diseases a "silent epidemic (流行病)", even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental - related illness. In fact, a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children.To help counter this, the American Academy of Periodontology (牙周病学) (AAP) is launching an effort to educate children ａｎｄ　parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children."This is important because oral problems can impact self - esteem fｏｒchildren ａｎｄ　lead to problems of eating, speaking ａｎｄ　attending to learning," said Michael McGuire, president of the AAP.Common dental problems seen in children are cavities (龋洞) ａｎｄ　gingivitis (龈炎), which are found in the majority of U. S. children. "When these problems are not caught early ａｎｄ　treated, they can develop into more severe problems ａｎｄ　cause unnecessary suffering," said McGuire. "However, much of the time, oral problems are avoidable problems."In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, aｇｒｏｕｐof more than 120 dentists(牙医) volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low - income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school."According to the Surgeon General\'s Report, about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school," said McGuire. When children don\'t see dentists, they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger, more expensive problems to treat, ａｎｄ　parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.Dental ａｎｄ　oral diseases are common in both adults ａｎｄ　children.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

答案解析:本题有一定难度，需要吃透原文句意，带者题干信息词回文章定位，主要答案依据在文章第一段第二句后半部分：…calls dental ａｎｄ　oral diseases a“silent epidemic”，even in children谈到牙齿和口腔疾病是流行病，甚至儿童也不能幸免，换句话说，牙齿和口腔疾病在成人和儿童之间都常见，所以本题正确，答案是A。

5、Cars Are Good fｏｒthe Environment，HonestBritain\'s motｏｒindustry is planning a majｏｒpublicity campaign to counter what it sees as an official anti-car bias ａｎｄ　to improve the environmental image of the cars, according to documents leaked to the pressure group, Friends of the Earth (FOE). The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡12 million.The internal document which was produced last month by the Society of MotｏｒManufacturers ａｎｄ　Traders, says that the "ultimate objective of the campaign must be to protect the long-term commercial freedom of the motｏｒindustry ａｎｄ　the lifestyle freedom of car users". The campaign will highlight the motｏｒindustry\'s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. European car manufacturers have already agreed with the European Com mission to reduce CO2 emissions from new cars by 25 percent to target of 140 grams per kilometer by 2008. However, the document also reveals that the industry is someway from meeting the target. Fｏｒexample, last year\'s new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre—some 37 percent above the target.To help control these emissions, the government has proposed replacing the flat rate annual tax on cars with a tax related to engine size so that owners of large gas-guzzler would pay more than owners of small cars. ____Richard Barnet, the society\'s media manager, says: "We will work with the government to practice a practical system. " But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”.【单选题】

A.The campaign will highlight the motｏｒindustry\'s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.

B.But the motｏｒindustry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use.

C.The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡15 million.

D.The reason why cars are good fｏｒthe environment is obvious.

E.But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”.

F.Fｏｒexample, last year\'s new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre—some 40 percent above the target.

正确答案:B

答案解析:通过阅读可知本段主要讲述tax，所以从内容上看只有B选项符合。

6、Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions ａｎｄ　mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" fｏｒthese volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size fｏｒsize, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, fｏｒexample, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, ａｎｄ　it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity ａｎｄ　global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up ａｎｄ　exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, directｏｒof the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall\'s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. ａｎｄ　it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted fｏｒthousands ｏｒmillions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, ａｎｄ　that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide ｏｒsulphur dioxide emissions. Paragraph 5____ 【单选题】

A.Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions

B.Association of Mass Extinction with Volcanic Eruption

C.Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions

D.A Mass Extinction

E.Volcanic Eruptions That Caused No Mass Extinction

F.ccounting fｏｒthe Killing Power of Older Eruptions

正确答案:E

答案解析:Volcanic eruptions that caused no mass extinction：没有造成大量生物灭绝的火山爆发。上面讲到了“较早的火山喷发在灭绝生物方面的效率至少是后来的火山喷发的10倍”。第五段就是对“后来的火山喷发”的灭绝生物能力不行的证明。

7、Nurse! I Want My MummyWhen a child is ill in hospital, a parent\'s first reaction is to be with them.Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep overnight with their child, providing a bed ｏｒsofa on the ward.But until the 1970s this practice was not only frowned upon (不赞同) — it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children would be upｓｅｔwhen their parents left, ａｎｄ　so there was a blanket (通用的) ban.A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed ａｎｄ　her study "Nurse, I want my mummy!" published in 1974, changed the face "paediatric (儿科的) nursing.Martin Johnson, a professｏｒof nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of nurses like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela\'s study was done against the ____ of a lively debate in paediatrics ａｎｄ　psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world ａｎｄ　the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in hospital.""The idea was that if mum came to visita small child in hospital the child would be upｓｅｔａｎｄ　inconsolable (无法安慰的) fｏｒhours. ""Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at all the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. ""Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope that mum was ever coming back.""To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit.""But children were alone ａｎｄ　depressed, so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."Dr. Peter Carter, chief executive ａｎｄ　general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her work had been seminal (开创性的)."Her research put an end to the days when parents handed their children over to strangers at the doｏｒof the hospital ward.""As a result of her work, parents are now recognized as partners in care ａｎｄ　are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children while they are in hospital, which has dramatically improved both parents\' ａｎｄ　children\'s experience of care." 【单选题】

A.field

B.background

C.circle

D.history

正确答案:B

答案解析:本题有一定难度，考查固定搭配against the background的用法，against the background指“在……的背景下”，文章此处是说“Pamela是在儿科学和心理学有关……的热烈争论的背景下做了这项研究”，答案是B。

8、Reduce PackagingPressure increased recently on British supermarkets ａｎｄ　retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti - waste campaign. The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging.Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping. Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other European countries, In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic ｏｒglass container, you make a deposit. When returned bottles are put in a vending machine 自动售货机, the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this.There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.In response to a campaign by Britain\'s The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence. tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates 装货箱 fｏｒtransporting its fresh produce.But campaigners said retailers ａｎｄ　the government could learn much from anti - waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non - recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. ____ In Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets ａｎｄ　deposits are paid fｏｒreusable plastic ａｎｄ　glass beverage bottles.【单选题】

A.If a product is over packaged, don\'t buy it.

B.In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic ｏｒglass container, you make a deposit.

C.This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying.

D.This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales.

E.Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) fｏｒtransporting its fresh produce.

F.The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper.

正确答案:D

答案解析:本题有一定难度。要认真阅读文章，理解好句意，判断出叙述逻辑，可使用排除法和代入法。本题的上句谈到了一个另外的例子，即在瑞典用不可循环利用的电池会被征税，那么可以推断既然征税，销售额肯定会受到影响，回来看选项，可以发现D项合适，把D项代入文中，符合上下文逻辑，是答案。

9、The Value of MotherhoodIn shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying "a gift to thank her fｏｒher unselfish love". When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet fｏｒher. Commercial warmth ａｎｄ　gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around fｏｒthis special Sunday in May.The American version of Mother\'s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood. The popularity of Mother\'s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more enough to make her horrified.____. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother\'s Day is the No. 1 holiday fｏｒflower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry ａｎｄ　clothes to cosmetics ａｎｄ　washing powder that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother\'s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother\'s Day even got her arrested fｏｒdisturbing the peace, interestingly.But what\'s more, commercialism changes young people\'s attitude towards motherhood. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it\'s right." But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange fｏｒtheir time ａｎｄ　energy. A career serves this purpose better.being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. So they work hard ａｎｄ　play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.motherhood has suffered a huge ｄｒｅｐin status since the 1950s. According to the Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother\'s Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea ａｎｄ　to honｏｒpeople fｏｒtheir attempt to be good people."【单选题】

A.The American version of Mother\'s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

B.But what\'s more, commercialism changes young people\'s attitude towards motherhood.

C.Obviously, the best girl will be a phone call ｏｒa visit.

D.According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.

E.As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge ｄｒｅｐin status since the 1950s.

F.In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

正确答案:D

答案解析:第三段的第二个句子中出现card（贺卡）这个词。从主题发展来看，前一句中应该出现过这个词，并且内容更概括。唯有D中出现过这个词并且论述概括，主意： 主题句的陈述总是一般的，因此选D。

10、Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.【单选题】

A.polite

B.similar

C.usual

D.bad

正确答案:A

答案解析:她的父亲温文尔雅，是一个安静的人。本题难度不大，是送分题。graceful是“典雅的，文雅的”，和polite“礼貌的”意思相近，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异大，干扰性不强