2022年职称英语考试《理工类》考试共65题，分为单选题和多选题和判断题和计算题和简答题和不定项。小编为您整理阅读理解分析5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、The orangutanAmong all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people ａｎｄ　apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, ａｎｄ　the similar kind of blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee (黑猩猩), the orangutan (猩猩), the gorilla (大猩猩), ａｎｄ　the gibbon (长臂猿). They live in the deep forests ａｎｄ　warm tropical regions of Africa ａｎｄ　of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, ｏｒblack hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, ａｎｄ　hands. Their hands each have four fingers ａｎｄ　a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches ａｎｄ　travel very quickly from tree to tree. These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables ａｎｄ　fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, ａｎｄ　insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there fｏｒmore than a night ｏｒtwo. Then they move on to look fｏｒmore food. There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high ａｎｄ　weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall ａｎｄ　weight up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall ａｎｄ　weight up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table ａｎｄ　eat, to dress themselves, ａｎｄ　to do things that human children can do. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?【单选题】

A.All apes are brown ｏｒblack.

B.All parts of apes\' bodies are covered with hair.

C.Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.

D.Apes\' arms are strong enough to swim.

正确答案:C

答案解析:由文章第3段倒数第2句和第3句可知，猿的腿短而无力，但手臂很强壮，故选C。倒数第1句说强壮的手臂使得猿能够swing而不是swim，排除D。由该段第1句和第2句可排除A、B。

2、Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won praise fｏｒresearch into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates fｏｒthe Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn ａｎｄ　American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors fｏｒtheir enzyme research ａｎｄ　experts say they could be among the front-runners fｏｒa Nobel. Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pair\'s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon ａｎｄ　Americans Ronald Evans ａｎｄ　Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm\'s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature ａｎｄ　peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden\'s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select-winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded fｏｒa specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronｏｒ(US$1. 3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal fｏｒscientists. "Individual researchers probably don\'t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they\'re at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their research ａｎｄ　their interest in how life functions. "In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, "San Francisco, ａｎｄ　Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize fｏｒbasic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work ｓｅｔthe stage fｏｒresearch suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growthThe word "kicks" in line 6 from the bottom probably means____. 【单选题】

A.excitement.

B.income.

C.motivation.

D.knowledge.

正确答案:A

答案解析:从上下文不难看出，科学家搞研究的主要目的不是为了获奖，他们从其所从事的研究及生命运行的兴趣中获得很大快感。

3、Stress Lessen CourseDoreen Sykora is now a juniｏｒat McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, "I was always well prepared fｏｒmy examinations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, ａｎｄ　I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness ａｎｄ　fear". Histoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences. These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because when a student worries ａｎｄ　is stressed about a test, his ｏｒher mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write ｏｒthink clearly because of the severe tension ａｎｄ　nervousness. Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors ａｎｄ　psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress ａｎｄ　not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test. Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. "Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly ａｎｄ　carefully. I breathe easily ａｎｄ　let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I\'m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well". FｏｒHistoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more ａｎｄ　learning more. These are signs of test anxiety EXCEPT____.【单选题】

A.worries about a test

B.stressed about a test

C.low grades ａｎｄ　poｏｒstudy habits

D.nervousness during the test

正确答案:C

答案解析:第1段讲述了两个学生的详细情况，出于对考试的担心、压力、紧张，使得他们难以考好。如果是成绩不好、学习习惯不好，即便不紧张也是考不好的。因此C是答案。

4、Arctic MeltEarth\'s North ａｎｄ　South Poles are famous fｏｒbeing cold ａｎｄ　icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low. Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter ａｎｄ　shrinks during the summer. But fｏｒmany years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining. Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11. 4 percent ｄｒｅｐin end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 ａｎｄ　2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner. Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That\'s 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. ａｎｄ　it\'s a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was ｓｅｔjust 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned. There may be several reasons fｏｒthe ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington at Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice ａｎｄ　open water. Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water ａｎｄ　the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5℃ warmer than average ａｎｄ　1.5℃ warmer than the previous record high. With both air ａｎｄ　water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above ａｎｄ　below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska ａｎｄ　western Canada, ice that measured 3. 3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season\'s end. The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research ａｎｄ　Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N. H. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover. What can be a possible title fｏｒthe passage?【单选题】

A.What are scientists looking fｏｒin the Arctic Ocean?

B.What are scientists doing in the Arctic Ocean?

C.Why are scientists worrying about the Arctic Ocean?

D.Why are scientists interested in the Arctic Ocean?

正确答案:C

答案解析:本文讲述了科学家们担心气温上升、冰川融化，最后一句话体现了主旨，所以选C。

5、Dairy Price-fixing ScandalTesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers ￡270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets ａｎｄ　dairy processors may lａｎｄ　it with a fine of at least ￡80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury\'s ａｎｄ　the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest ａｎｄ　Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices fｏｒmilk, butter ａｎｄ　cheese. They were fined a total of just over ￡116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company ｏｒindividual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians ａｎｄ　farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be ￡11.25 over 2002 ａｎｄ　2003, Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter ａｎｄ　15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense fｏｒconsumers, however, ａｎｄ　the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names ａｎｄ　that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers fｏｒAction, theｇｒｏｕｐof farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim fｏｒcompensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons ａｎｄ　the dairyｇｒｏｕｐLactalis McLelland, ａｎｄ　any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed. Tesco was defiant ａｎｄ　said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: "As we have always said, we acted independently ａｎｄ　we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors ａｎｄ　we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers."Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making "strong representations" in its defence. A spokeswoman fｏｒLactalis McLellａｎｄ　said that the company was "co-operating" with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.Sainsbury\'s admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay ￡26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised fｏｒactions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines ａｎｄ　also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.The word "defiant" (line 3, paragraph 4) most probably means ______.【单选题】

A.resisting

B.angry

C.deficient

D.confident

正确答案:A

答案解析:猜词题。根据上下文可以看出，Tesco声称自己正在为自己的行为准备最坚决的辩护，可见其采取一种抵抗的态度，对比四个选项，只有resisting符合此意。